The Alcatel Lucent Merger

Running Head: THE ALCATEL-LUCENT MERGER ! The Alcatel-Lucent Merger-What went wrong? American Public University 1 THE ALCATEL-LUCENT MERGER ! 2 The Alcatel-Lucent Merger-What went wrong? Referring to the case and this chapter, discuss what conditions and negotiation factors pushed forth the merger in 2006 that were not present in 2001. In 1999, as the Internet boom was approaching its apex, Lucent Technologies was the world’s largest telecommunications equipment company (Lazonick & March, 2011). With revenues of $38. 3 billion, net income of $4. billion, and 153,000 employees for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1999, Lucent was larger and more profitable than Nortel, Alcatel, and Ericsson, its three major global competitors (Lazonick & March, 2011). Unfortunately for Lucent, as quickly as it rose to the top, it began to fall to the bottom. Lucent recognized, and so did its competitors, that something had to be done to sustain profitability in its market. In 2001, Alcatel of France, the communications equipment maker in Paris, and Lucent Technologies, the U. S. telecommunications giant, began negotiations for a merger of the two companies (Deresky, 2011, p. 76). In 2001, many communications companies began to see a fall in sales due to an internet crash. Companies like Lucent that were just years prior at the top of its game in the market were now quickly loosing sales and on the brink of bankruptcy (Lazonick & March, 2011). Creating a merger was a choice that Lucent had to again gain power and profitability, but mergers rarely go easily. As in this case there are two competitors attempting to come together and negotiate for a mutually acceptable agreement that affects the future of both companies and the employees.THE ALCATEL-LUCENT MERGER ! 3 By the mid-2000s it became evident that Lucent was faced with the choice of becoming merely a â€Å"niche† player in the communications technology industry or finding a partner to supplement its resourc es so that it could compete once again as a â€Å"full line† supplier. In May 2001, Alcatel and Lucent held initial merger talks with a view to creating a $50 billion global firm. A year earlier Lucent would have dominated such a combination. By May 2001, however, Lucent had already been severely damaged by the downturn in the telecommunications industry.In contrast, Alcatel sales and profits remained strong at the time of those merger talks. If the merger had gone through, Alcatel shareholders would have owned 58 percent of the combined company. It had been agreed that the new headquarters would be in Murray Hill, New Jersey and that Alcatel Chairman Serge Tchuruk would run the company. In the end, the 2001 merger failed when Alcatel insisted that because of its stronger position it would select 8 of the 14 board members, while Lucent Chairman Henry Schacht insisted that his company send two more members for an even split (Sorkin and Romero 2001).The 2001 merger was not succ essful because negotiations were not successful. For longterm positive relations, the goal should be to set up a win-win situation-that is to bring about a settlement beneficial to all parties concerned (Deresky, 2011, p. 152). Unfortunately, that was not the case with this merger. The two companies could not agree on how much control the French company would have. Lucent’s executives apparently wanted the deal as a â€Å"merger of equals,† rather than a takeover by Aslcatel (Deresky, 2011, p. 176).Furthermore, according to Deresky (2011), the negotiation process should encompass fives stages: preparation, relationship building, exchange of task-related information, persuasion, and concessions and agreement (p. 153). The entire negotiation process in 2001 had flaws. THE ALCATEL-LUCENT MERGER ! 4 Research the status of the merged company at the time of your reading this case. What has happened in the industry since the merger, and how is the company faring? In 2006, Alc atel was almost twice the size of Lucent in terms of revenues and employes when the merger that created Alcatel-Lucent took place (Lazonick & March, 2011).Since then, the merger has proven to be successful overall. To support this, in February 2013, a five year managed services agreement was announced by Alcatel-Lucent with KPN, the leading telecommunications service provider in the Netherlands (Mena Report, 2013). According to the report, Alcatel-Lucent will plan, design and implement an end-to-end solution to provide KPNs network with increased capacity, upgraded equipment, and best-in-class customer service processes.Alcatel-Lucent will also help KPN transform its existing multi-vendor voice and core networks enabling its customers to access and share multimedia content from wherever they are or using the device of their choice be it a smartphone, computer or tablet (Mena Report, 2013). Two years after the merger, Alcatel-Lucent University received a certificate of quality from t he European Foundation for Management Development, an honor bestowed on only 14 corporate universities throughout Europe (Alcatel-Lucent University, 2010).Evaluate the comment that the merger is â€Å"a giant transatlantic experiment in multicultural diversity. † What evidence is there that the company has run into cross-cultural problems since the merger took place in 2006? THE ALCATEL-LUCENT MERGER ! The comment was made because there were so many multicultural and diversity issues surrounding the merger. While Lucent was an American company that conducted its business within the borders of the United States, Alcatel was already a global business before the merger.Alcatel â€Å"already operated as an international company with a wide mix of nationalities† (Deresky, 2011, p. 176). The question was raised by many during the merger, â€Å"how will the merged company deal with cross-cultural conflicts? †, but Tchuruk said that, while cultural issues could arise, e verything is under way to make sure this human factor is dealt with (Deresky, 2011, p. 176). This statement of confidence was actually part of the reason why the merger was actually somewhat ironically poised with problems because there were indeed many problems related to multicultural diversity.Some of these problems included language barriers between members of the merged companies, their stockholders, and other stakeholders. Analysts quickly suggested that the corporate culture of Lucent clashed with Alcatel’s French business model (Deresky, 2011, p. 177). This was coupled with Russo’s inability to work well with Tchuruk and it soon became clear that it was a poor decision to appoint leaders based on their nationality rather than their skills. Russo was also the first woman to run a company listed on the CAC 40 in the male dominated world where French business and politics overlap (Deresky, 2011, p. 77). Chinese rivals were also at Alcatel-Lucent’s doorstep providing similar service and technology for less money. According to Deresky (2011), a Barron’s article in August 2008 noted that â€Å"while it might have been helpful if outgoing CEO Patricia Russo had spoken French, that’s not why she and Chairman Serge Tchuruk failed to make a go of the 2006 merger of Alcatel and Lucent Technologies (p. 177). 5 THE ALCATEL-LUCENT MERGER ! 6 How much of the decline do you attribute to leadership problems, as opposed to industry factors?I think the majority of the decline was attributed to leadership problems. The structure of the organization is only effective if the leaders within it are committed to achieving company objectives and working with each other as a team. They must perform their roles and responsibilities knowledgeably and creatively when necessary. The cultural change that was required to create an entrepreneurial sprit throughout the company began with executives being willing to relinquish some of their existing co ntrol to drive decision making downward through the organization.The purpose was to enable faster and better decisions and more competitive responses to market conditions and customer desires (Lazonick & March, 2010). What, if any, factors should have been negotiated differently? Just about everything should have been done differently during the attempted first merger in 2001, but both companies did learn a lot from that merger and they were better prepared in 2006, although still a far cry from being as ready as they should have been.The executives of both companies really did not take cultural values and differences into consideration as much as they should have and as it turned out they had a difficult time communicating with each other, not only due to language barriers, but also just because business was conducted so differently between the French and American cultures. THE ALCATEL-LUCENT MERGER ! 7 References Alcatel-lucent to transform KPN s fixed network operations in the ne therlands over next five years. (2013). MENA Report, Retrieved from http://search. roquest. com/docview/ 1313279184? accountid=8289 Alcatel-lucent university. (2010). Development and Learning in Organizations, 24(2), 31-32. doi: http://dx. doi. org/10. 1108/14777281011019515 Lazonick, W. , & March, E. (2011). The rise and demise of lucent technologies. Journal of Strategic Management Education, 7(4), 201-270. Retrieved from http:// search. proquest. com/docview/1015336210? accountid=8289 Sorkin, Andrew Ross, and Simon Romero, 2001, Alcatel and Lucent call off negotiations toward a merger. New York Times, May 30. The Alcatel Lucent Merger Running Head: THE ALCATEL-LUCENT MERGER ! The Alcatel-Lucent Merger-What went wrong? American Public University 1 THE ALCATEL-LUCENT MERGER ! 2 The Alcatel-Lucent Merger-What went wrong? Referring to the case and this chapter, discuss what conditions and negotiation factors pushed forth the merger in 2006 that were not present in 2001. In 1999, as the Internet boom was approaching its apex, Lucent Technologies was the world’s largest telecommunications equipment company (Lazonick & March, 2011). With revenues of $38. 3 billion, net income of $4. billion, and 153,000 employees for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1999, Lucent was larger and more profitable than Nortel, Alcatel, and Ericsson, its three major global competitors (Lazonick & March, 2011). Unfortunately for Lucent, as quickly as it rose to the top, it began to fall to the bottom. Lucent recognized, and so did its competitors, that something had to be done to sustain profitability in its market. In 2001, Alcatel of France, the communications equipment maker in Paris, and Lucent Technologies, the U. S. telecommunications giant, began negotiations for a merger of the two companies (Deresky, 2011, p. 76). In 2001, many communications companies began to see a fall in sales due to an internet crash. Companies like Lucent that were just years prior at the top of its game in the market were now quickly loosing sales and on the brink of bankruptcy (Lazonick & March, 2011). Creating a merger was a choice that Lucent had to again gain power and profitability, but mergers rarely go easily. As in this case there are two competitors attempting to come together and negotiate for a mutually acceptable agreement that affects the future of both companies and the employees.THE ALCATEL-LUCENT MERGER ! 3 By the mid-2000s it became evident that Lucent was faced with the choice of becoming merely a â€Å"niche† player in the communications technology industry or finding a partner to supplement its resourc es so that it could compete once again as a â€Å"full line† supplier. In May 2001, Alcatel and Lucent held initial merger talks with a view to creating a $50 billion global firm. A year earlier Lucent would have dominated such a combination. By May 2001, however, Lucent had already been severely damaged by the downturn in the telecommunications industry.In contrast, Alcatel sales and profits remained strong at the time of those merger talks. If the merger had gone through, Alcatel shareholders would have owned 58 percent of the combined company. It had been agreed that the new headquarters would be in Murray Hill, New Jersey and that Alcatel Chairman Serge Tchuruk would run the company. In the end, the 2001 merger failed when Alcatel insisted that because of its stronger position it would select 8 of the 14 board members, while Lucent Chairman Henry Schacht insisted that his company send two more members for an even split (Sorkin and Romero 2001).The 2001 merger was not succ essful because negotiations were not successful. For longterm positive relations, the goal should be to set up a win-win situation-that is to bring about a settlement beneficial to all parties concerned (Deresky, 2011, p. 152). Unfortunately, that was not the case with this merger. The two companies could not agree on how much control the French company would have. Lucent’s executives apparently wanted the deal as a â€Å"merger of equals,† rather than a takeover by Aslcatel (Deresky, 2011, p. 176).Furthermore, according to Deresky (2011), the negotiation process should encompass fives stages: preparation, relationship building, exchange of task-related information, persuasion, and concessions and agreement (p. 153). The entire negotiation process in 2001 had flaws. THE ALCATEL-LUCENT MERGER ! 4 Research the status of the merged company at the time of your reading this case. What has happened in the industry since the merger, and how is the company faring? In 2006, Alc atel was almost twice the size of Lucent in terms of revenues and employes when the merger that created Alcatel-Lucent took place (Lazonick & March, 2011).Since then, the merger has proven to be successful overall. To support this, in February 2013, a five year managed services agreement was announced by Alcatel-Lucent with KPN, the leading telecommunications service provider in the Netherlands (Mena Report, 2013). According to the report, Alcatel-Lucent will plan, design and implement an end-to-end solution to provide KPNs network with increased capacity, upgraded equipment, and best-in-class customer service processes.Alcatel-Lucent will also help KPN transform its existing multi-vendor voice and core networks enabling its customers to access and share multimedia content from wherever they are or using the device of their choice be it a smartphone, computer or tablet (Mena Report, 2013). Two years after the merger, Alcatel-Lucent University received a certificate of quality from t he European Foundation for Management Development, an honor bestowed on only 14 corporate universities throughout Europe (Alcatel-Lucent University, 2010).Evaluate the comment that the merger is â€Å"a giant transatlantic experiment in multicultural diversity. † What evidence is there that the company has run into cross-cultural problems since the merger took place in 2006? THE ALCATEL-LUCENT MERGER ! The comment was made because there were so many multicultural and diversity issues surrounding the merger. While Lucent was an American company that conducted its business within the borders of the United States, Alcatel was already a global business before the merger.Alcatel â€Å"already operated as an international company with a wide mix of nationalities† (Deresky, 2011, p. 176). The question was raised by many during the merger, â€Å"how will the merged company deal with cross-cultural conflicts? †, but Tchuruk said that, while cultural issues could arise, e verything is under way to make sure this human factor is dealt with (Deresky, 2011, p. 176). This statement of confidence was actually part of the reason why the merger was actually somewhat ironically poised with problems because there were indeed many problems related to multicultural diversity.Some of these problems included language barriers between members of the merged companies, their stockholders, and other stakeholders. Analysts quickly suggested that the corporate culture of Lucent clashed with Alcatel’s French business model (Deresky, 2011, p. 177). This was coupled with Russo’s inability to work well with Tchuruk and it soon became clear that it was a poor decision to appoint leaders based on their nationality rather than their skills. Russo was also the first woman to run a company listed on the CAC 40 in the male dominated world where French business and politics overlap (Deresky, 2011, p. 77). Chinese rivals were also at Alcatel-Lucent’s doorstep providing similar service and technology for less money. According to Deresky (2011), a Barron’s article in August 2008 noted that â€Å"while it might have been helpful if outgoing CEO Patricia Russo had spoken French, that’s not why she and Chairman Serge Tchuruk failed to make a go of the 2006 merger of Alcatel and Lucent Technologies (p. 177). 5 THE ALCATEL-LUCENT MERGER ! 6 How much of the decline do you attribute to leadership problems, as opposed to industry factors?I think the majority of the decline was attributed to leadership problems. The structure of the organization is only effective if the leaders within it are committed to achieving company objectives and working with each other as a team. They must perform their roles and responsibilities knowledgeably and creatively when necessary. The cultural change that was required to create an entrepreneurial sprit throughout the company began with executives being willing to relinquish some of their existing co ntrol to drive decision making downward through the organization.The purpose was to enable faster and better decisions and more competitive responses to market conditions and customer desires (Lazonick & March, 2010). What, if any, factors should have been negotiated differently? Just about everything should have been done differently during the attempted first merger in 2001, but both companies did learn a lot from that merger and they were better prepared in 2006, although still a far cry from being as ready as they should have been.The executives of both companies really did not take cultural values and differences into consideration as much as they should have and as it turned out they had a difficult time communicating with each other, not only due to language barriers, but also just because business was conducted so differently between the French and American cultures. THE ALCATEL-LUCENT MERGER ! 7 References Alcatel-lucent to transform KPN s fixed network operations in the ne therlands over next five years. (2013). MENA Report, Retrieved from http://search. roquest. com/docview/ 1313279184? accountid=8289 Alcatel-lucent university. (2010). Development and Learning in Organizations, 24(2), 31-32. doi: http://dx. doi. org/10. 1108/14777281011019515 Lazonick, W. , & March, E. (2011). The rise and demise of lucent technologies. Journal of Strategic Management Education, 7(4), 201-270. Retrieved from http:// search. proquest. com/docview/1015336210? accountid=8289 Sorkin, Andrew Ross, and Simon Romero, 2001, Alcatel and Lucent call off negotiations toward a merger. New York Times, May 30.

Discuss the Relationship Between Great Britain

The years 1750-1776 were very volatile years regarding the relationship between Britain and the North American colonies. A large scale war, taxes, and revolts all played a part in the hostilities between the two nations. Economics, however, may have been the spark that started the fire between the two nations, and might perhaps be the most significant cause of the future conflicts between the North American colonies and Great Britain. The French and Indian war was fought from 1754-1761 primarily between the French with Indian allies and Britain for control of North America.This war was one of the first wars that would be fought on a global scale requiring more resources to aid in the war effort. Britain poured very large sums of money into the war in order to protect the colonists. By the end of the war, after Britain’s victory and the signing of the treaty of Paris of 1763, Britain had expended much of its resources. Americans, after hearing the news of Britain’s victo ry in the war, were readily making plans to venture westward into newly acquired lands. Britain, fearing that Indians would attack the colonies, quickly passed the proclamation of 1763 prohibiting settlement west of the Appalachians.Doing this was one effort to prevent future conflicts that would in turn require Britain to utilize more of its resources. Britain had dug an economic hole so deep that it would require vast amounts of dirt to refill it. Where was the money to come from? The Americans, having barely supported the war effort, would become the mule that was to carry the burden. The war was in fact fought to protect the colonies; thereby the colonists should have to pay for the money that was used for their own defense. Britain embraced this idea and started passing tax acts and enforced the navigation acts.Of the acts that were passed to raise tax revenue the first was the Sugar Act. This act placed a tax on all sugar that was imported into the colonies. Another act that w as passed was the stamp act which placed taxes on playing cards, marriage licenses and other printed goods. The colonists showed fierce resentment to this as they eventually formed the stamp act congress. As seen in Document B sections III and IV the colonists believed that they did not need to pay these taxes as they were not even being implemented by their own government.Other forms of resentment would arise as groups known as the sons of liberty and daughters of liberty would be formed. In document C it is shown that the sons of liberty were a group of common townsfolk workers. These men and women would cry for liberty, no stamps, and property as they believed that they should not have to pay for the taxes. They also enforced nonimportation agreements to make other fellow colonists support their cause to rebel against the mother country. The navigation acts also posed as a serious threat to the colonists as they forced trade specifically between them and England exempting other c ountries from the trade.This was a major economic problem for the colonists as they were not able to sell goods to other countries as they could possibly obtain larger profits as they could sell more goods and at higher prices. In document D Benjamin Franklin talks about how the colonists are restricted to trade with England except for the smuggling that occurs between Spanish and colonial trade. He feels that some action should be taken that would eventually better the colonies economically. Overall, economics were the roots of the weeds that had been planted by Britain sparking a major conflict that cost them an entire nation.

Are We Too Dependent on Computers?

We have become too dependent on computers for answers, personal interactions, and we spend way too much time on them. If we used the computers for learning and as a tool this issue wouldn't be as big. The sad truth is that people use this great tool for an easy way to get out of face to face interactions with other people. In 10-20 years it is said that there will be a computer smarter than the whole human race alive today. That is a scary future that we don't have to look very far to. Computers are an extension of the human body, just as all tools are.Would we say that people are too dependent on cars? Gas? Electricity? Toilets? Homes? All the arguments that the pro side are either invalid, or they don't realize that what they are saying applies to EVERYTHING. An interesting experiment for everybody, especially those on the prepotency, is to take all the prepotency arguments, and apply them to the word â€Å"house† or â€Å"car† or â€Å"paper† or â€Å"pencilà ¢â‚¬  or â€Å"farming† are we too dependent on having a roof over our head? It's the same as having a computer.Yes, we are dependent on computers in every aspect of our lives, and computer on bigger and more powerful ones. But may be really not too dependent all the time, because the key is in the smartest and most powerful machine in the history of mankind and that’s right inside us, that’s us. Our body and mind is above all machines on this planet and in one sentence they all rely on us. Again yes we are too dependent on computers because it’s the human brain which computes this magnificent world unconsciously in the almost in an insensible way, to let us enjoy, live and create.

Perseverance and Persistence the Key to Success Personal Statement - 6

Perseverance and Persistence the Key to Success - Personal Statement Example It is not a hidden fact that in India and other countries with similar culture, the head of families, the eldest brother in my case, is expected to support all the other family members and do anything and everything that falls under their responsibilities or even beyond. And the list of such responsibilities is endless. For instance, I am supposed to feed and drape them, meet the expense of my siblings’ education, accumulate enough funds for my sisters’ dowry and wedding expenditures and also to set aside finances for the recommencement of my own professional education. Besides these and other duties, if I want to study, develop a better career for myself or do anything else for my self-actualization, then that all have to be secondary when it comes to prioritizing my tasks. It is not a hidden fact that in India and other countries with similar culture, the head of families, the eldest brother in my case, is expected to support all the other family members and do anythi ng and everything that falls under their responsibilities or even beyond. And the list of such responsibilities is endless. For instance, I am supposed to feed and drape them, meet the expense of my siblings’ education, accumulate enough funds for my sisters’ dowry and wedding expenditures and also to set aside finances for the recommencement of my own professional education. Besides these and other duties, if I want to study, develop a better career for myself or do anything else for my self-actualization, then that all have to be secondary when it comes to prioritizing my tasks.         Mostly men belonging to this region of the world, in such scenarios give up their own individuality and compromise on their self-esteem. The culture calls for too much devotion and self-less commitments. I certainly praise the inhabitants of this region for their fidelity and conformity to any circumstances they are made to live in. The immense disappointment is when a man loses his own distinctiveness. I think people should stay persistent in what they want to do and how they want to do it. This does not suggest a rebellious attitude at all. I can easily say that I m a good son and a brother, at the same time I excel in all other professional matters too. If one has the mindset to take up challenges and prove oneself, then nothing remains unattainable. It takes an extraordinary amount of discipline though. I have always managed my time so as to accommodate all of my tasks. Assigning priorities makes life easier. But it should be better done than said.

Racial and Socioeconomic Differences in Risk factors for Essay

Racial and Socioeconomic Differences in Risk factors for Cardiovascular Disease among Southern Women - Essay Example 9. The researchers agreed that the CV Risk Index created for this particular research work has not been tested elsewhere, so the scoring that were employed could not be reliably said to be representative of the risk of participants. 10. The Chi-square test was used to test the statistical significance of the research variables. For example, the percentage of African American women that has never smoked was greater than white women (60.7% vs 42.8%). Chi- square test was be used to test if this difference is statistically significant to make it a factor to consider in CVD 12. After breaking down each of the two main variables to be analyzed into four categories each, the Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze the effect of each of these categories on the main variable 14. The research article did state that the data were collected by questionnaires mailed to participants and that the questions were based on those recommended by the NIH. However, nothing is said with respect to maintaining the confidentiality of the participants or otherwise.

Contract Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 4

Contract Law - Essay Example Again, Sudbury confirmed that child labour was not used and at the same time stated that their chocolate contained 95% cocoa solids and was â€Å"the best in the world†. These statements have convinced Buywise to enter into a contract with Sadbury, not being aware of the fact that these statements do not correspond to the reality and they are simple lies. Buywise would not have entered into a contract with Sadbury unless it would have been assured by the latter regarding the quality and non-usage of child labor. According to Richards P. (217) â€Å"A misrepresentation may be defined†¦ as a false statement of fact that induces another to enter into a contract.†1 It is obvious that Sadbury has made a false statement regarding its products in order to induce Buywise to enter into a contract with it. Moreover, this statement was practically the reason that convinced Buywise to sign the contract. In the case of Derry v Peek (1880) the House of Lords concluded that â€Å"Fraud is established where it is proved that a false statement is made: (a) knowingly; or (b) without belief in its truth; or (c) recklessly, careless as to whether it be true or false.†2 Therefore, I believe that Sadbury can be held liable for fraudulent misrepresentation Once the fact of fraudulent misrepresentation has been established, Buywise has the right to rescind the contract. The Misrepresentation Act expressly stipulates that â€Å"Where a person has entered into a contract after a misrepresentation has been made to him by another party thereto and as a result thereof he has suffered loss, then, if the person making the misrepresentation would be liable to damages in respect thereof had the misrepresentation been made fraudulently, that person shall be so liable notwithstanding that the misrepresentation was not made fraudulently, unless he proves that he had reasonable ground to believe and did believe up to the time the contract was made the facts represented were true.†3Therefore,

The VA Hospital Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The VA Hospital - Research Paper Example 1.2 VA hospital History indicated that in 1990s VA hospital care system was very substandard. Congress were about to shut down the whole system and were considering ex-G.I.S vouchers for the treatment of private candidates. But, the present condition of VA hospitals is quite different. VA has one of the largest health systems in the country, having 1,400 hospitals, nursing homes and clinics. It has employed 61000 nurses and 14,800 doctors. This shows at a very small scale it have been able to attract a larger target market. Out of 100 private institutions VA has a rank of 83. It handles the male patients having the age of 65, providing minimum risk of death i.e. 40%. Health care to these patients is provided on the basis of various plans or HMO’s. Harvard University has provided American government reward to VA for its various agency works. It deals all patients on computerized basis at very low cost. In past ten years, it has been noted that number of veterans has doubled in VA hospitals around 2.5 to 5.3 million. The cost of per patient in VA hospitals has remained steady since last ten years. On the other hand, the cost in other private institutions has increased by 40% since last year (Dennis, 2003). 1.3 Historical and political effects During World War II, there were great advances in field medicine and body armor in order to survive in the battlefield. Number of patients was increasing very rapidly in hospitals. Research indicated that around 11000 patients were waiting for their treatment in hospitals. VA officials had difficulty in managing such a high number of patients. Patients suffering from World War II were dying rapidly due to natural causes of around 600,000 in a year. Patients were occurring with severer wounds to VA. Due to this reason, this hospital introduced four more centers in the country in order to fulfill the shortage of health care (Waller, 2006). Reformation VA hospital made many changes in its systems in order to be one of th e best hospitals in the country such as the hospital was reformed in back 1994, this was the era when Bill Clinton appointed Kenneth, a doctor from Navy as the secretor of VA health care system. Kenneth bought an overall change in the entire system of hospital by lowering down the bureaucracy and providing authority to regional managers to make all important decision rather than dependence on higher authority. It enabled keeping track of all records through computerized network. It should be noticed that in this era only three hospitals had computer networks and VA hospital were in these numbers. This means that when a doctor is engaged in treatment of any patient, he have the facility to see the patient’s information easily on laptop. While, in other hospitals nearly 20% of the lab test are repeated because doctors does not have any previous data on the test. Bar- code system VA invented bar code system in hospital, which is mostly used in supermarket stores for prescription s. This system was used only in 5% of hospitals. It is a reader in the form of hand- held laser, which a nurse uses to scan the bar code system of patient waist with the bottle of pills. It there is no match between the two, nurses gets an alert. Institute of medicine have estimated that 1.5 million patients suffer due to various medication errors each year. But in VA hospitals bar-code systems and

Surveillance technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Surveillance technology - Essay Example That respect warrants this essay a critical outlook into the evolution, merits, and demerits of spy cameras as type of surveillance technology. Additionally, this paper will also seek to give a recommendation on the way future of this subject. The evolution of spy cameras and its incorporated technologies is an important topic that examines the state of surveillance technology and its impacts on the modern society. The tumultuous history of technologies associated with spy cameras has its origin rooted in the 16th century and stretches all the way to the present generation whereby it shifted from facto disciplinary practice to a real time practice revolving around security and conveniences it offers to its participants. Spy cameras evolved in three basic stages namely, daguerreotype, film, and digital photographic spy cameras. Daguerreotype was a truly successful stage of spy cameras since photographers used copper plates coated with iodine whereby it used this combination to produce silver iodide upon sensing light. Daguerreotype photography entered the United States during the time of Civil War whereby technical fighters used it as an investigative tool. (Heir and Greenberg, 2007:217). Even though the Federal Bureau of investigation did not exist during the time of President Lincoln, documented evidence shows that, security officers used daguerreotype as a form of surveillance technology in crime scene investigation. With spy cameras came in telephone calls which aided in taking surveillance technology into the following stage. Surveillance technology shows, the introduction of telephone accounts for a big margin in this subject as it led to wire-tapping where one could listen to a telephone conversation between other people. Year 1945 witnessed a major shift as wire and tape recorders became available (Tavani,

Week 4 b-3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Week 4 b-3 - Essay Example It also arises from the alternating schedules of the respective patients. Additionally, patients commonly have busy schedules and end up missing doses. Patients usually exhibit this form of non-adherence, comprehend their prescription, and they like to adhere appropriately in most situations. However, it is challenging to comply because the level of complexity existing in their lives interferes with their efforts of adherence or because they do not prioritize the management of their medical conditions. Patients, who have changing schedules of work or disorganized lifestyles, may use the plan to ease the difficulty in establishing their habit of a new medication regimen. The strategy that practitioners must consider is the plan for emphasizing on patients adherence during the weekends as most individuals adhere during the weekdays. Within the plan, they can incorporate the strategies to develop an erratic adherence centre on the simplification of the regimen, for instance, initiating a once-a-day dosing (Kocurek, 2009). The plan must establish new habits by linking, for instance, keeping the drugs next to the toothpaste or toothbrush. Additionally, they can encourage the use of memory aids and cues such as pill organizers to assist in the enforcement of adherence (McCall, Dunbar-Jacob & Puskar,

A World of Difference Essay Example for Free

A World of Difference Essay Why do people live in one geographical area all their lives? Throughout my life time, this question has always fascinated me. What is the purpose, and what are the benefits? As a young girl, I grew up in the Mid-West, the famed â€Å"bread-basket† of the United States of America. My family owned a small dairy farm, and our lives revolved around the two daily milking’s. It didn’t take long; two and a half hours at the most, but those hours felt like a prison sentence. We never traveled more than a few hours from home since the cows were required to stay on a regular schedule. As I steadily climbed the ladder to adulthood, I promised myself that I would no longer live with such restraints. Exploration and travel became my dream. At the seasoned age of eighteen, I decided it was time to spread my wings and fly the coop. I joined the Armed Forces and spent a long couple of months missing home. That soon came to an end when I had the pleasure of traveling abroad for the first time in my life. I spent my first, and only, tour in South Korea. It was quite the culture shock for the young woman who had never been out of a four-state area. I managed quiet nicely though, I partied, made good friends and I met my future husband. Before I know it, I was married and had three little ones. My adventures were over, or so I thought. I plowed through the next twelve years being an at-home Mom. My days were exciting; anyone with children will tell you that each and every day is uncharted waters. My husband was in the Military and we were required to move every couple of years. It was nice seeing new places and exploring our new homes, but we never left the States. After years with my husband, I began to feel that jail cell again and I, once again, made the decision to see the world. I was hired as a Government Contractor and, as of present, have been living in the Middle East for five years. I have the luxury of a nice paycheck and, at the same time, I’m able to provide nice extras for my children. Having the knowledge of living in several different States, as well as the Far East, nicely prepared me for my next chapter. I divorced my husband and re-married a man who shares my goals of seeing the world. I’ve had the pleasure of vacationing in some of the greatest places on Earth. We have, on occasion, taken my children with us so they are exposed to the cultures of the world. This, I feel, is one of the greatest gifts I could ever share with them. When you meet and interact with different cultures, it allows your mind to grow. No text book, movie or documentary can compare to experiencing it in person. Travel, in itself, is a great education. We’ve learned that other cultures have something to contribute, even if it’s a different philosophy than our own. No matter what far-off place we encounter one thing is always the same; people are people. Eventually, my husband and I will move on to a different region on the World. And, at that time, we will start our adventures all over again. Even though homesteading in one area all your life is appealing to some; I could never again confine myself to those boundaries. The World has too much to offer, if you’re willing to ride her magic carpet. Travel and exploration are still my greatest goal. I could never envision myself living any other way. So, in some respect, I’m the opposite of the norm. When I look back on my great adventures, I could never imagine giving up my lessons of life by living in one location for a lifetime.

Post Positivism History And Philosophy Psychology Essay

Post Positivism History And Philosophy Psychology Essay According to Cheek (2008, pp. 762-766) research design refers to the combination of three important and interrelated considerations requiring focused attention when formulating and conducting research; the theoretical foundations guiding research, data collection and analysis methods, as well as ethical concerns. Theoretical frameworks essentially provide a lens through which to examine and conduct research. Inherent to each framework are specific philosophical perspectives which inform and reflect the researchers ontological and epistemological views. The choice of theoretical framework will subsequently impact and guide decisions about research methods, which will then influence ethical considerations. Denzin and Lincoln (1994, as cited in Finlay Ballinger, 2006, pp. 16-17) identify four research paradigms underpinning the theoretical framework of a research project; positivist and post-positivist, constructivist-interpretive, critical, and feminist-post structural. While post-pos itivism is closely associated with the quantitative approach, interpretivism is embedded within the qualitative approach. Quantitative and Qualitative Baumgartner and Hensley (2006, p. 17) describe quantitative research as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦involving the collection of numerical data in order to describe phenomena, investigate relationships between variables, and explore cause-and-effect relationships of phenomena of interest. Quantitative data can be obtained from an extensive array of sources including experiments, randomised controlled trials, and structured observation. While quantitative data can be analysed using such methods as correlation, factor analysis, and psychometrics. At the most fundamental level, the quantitative research process is guided by application of the scientific method. This involves a set of structured steps through which the researcher moves in a logical and systematic manner to obtain knowledge, answer a question, or solve a problem (Baumgartner Hensley, pp. 9-11). While Haig (2010, p. 1326) identifies four dominant theories within the scientific method including the inductive and hypothetico-deductive me thods, Baumgartner and Hensley (2006, pp. 9-11) identify five basic steps inherent to this process: (1) Identifying the question; (2) Formulating a hypothesis; (3) Developing a research plan; (4) Collecting and analysing data; (5) Interpreting results and forming conclusions. Experimental research is characteristic of quantitative research. Accounting for independent variables, while identifying and classifying all other extraneous variables, the experimental researcher works to manipulate dependent variables with the aim of establishing direct (value-neutral, cause-and-effect) relationships between phenomena (Baumgartner Hensley, 2006, pp. 159-162). Garwood (2006, p. 251) identifies advantages of the quantitative method as including, its ability to measure change over time; the generalizability of research findings; and the variability of statistical analysis which numerical data allows. However qualitative researchers have criticised the quantitative method in its traditional positivist philosophy for its inability to analyse the social constructs influencing relationships and phenomena under investigation (Garwood, p. 251). According to Sumner (2006, p. 249) qualitative research à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦is concerned to explore the subjective meaning through which people interpret the world, the different ways in which reality is constructedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦in particular contexts. Qualitative data can be obtained through various methods such as interviews, action research, surveys, and observation. While qualitative data can be analysed through a myriad of methods including discourse analysis, hermeneutical analysis, and content analysis. Despite this diversity of approach, Finlay and Ballinger (2006, pp. 6-8) identify five commonalities which all qualitative researchers acknowledge and value (p. 6). These include: the impact of researcher subjectivity on knowledge production; the importance of the researcher-researched relationship; a commitment to hypothesis-generation through exploration and induction as opposed to hypothesis-testing; the influence of social constructs upon subjective experience, beliefs, and int erpretations; as well as the ambiguous, multiple, and fragmented nature of reality which is constantly shifting and open to re-signification (Finlay Ballinger, p. 6). According to Munhall (2007, p. 6), the value of qualitative research lies in its ability to provide insight and meaning into the situated context of individual experience. Acknowledging the contextual and dynamic nature of reality, qualitative research also allows for in-depth analysis of complex phenomena. As outlined by Sumner (2006, p. 249), criticisms of the qualitative approach commonly refer to a supposed lack of rigour and generalizability. These comments, however, appear more to reflect the different philosophical and theoretical aims of the qualitative and quantitative approach. For example, while quantitative researchers attempt to examine phenomena objectively, qualitative researchers employ reflexivity; identifying and explicitly stating their subjective values and bias (Baumgartner Hensley, 2006, p. 206). Further, while quantitative research is structured and rigorous in approach, establishing hypothesis and conducting experiments to test these, qualitative research is emergent; hypothesis are generated as the research process progresses with the development of new and unexpected patterns shifting the research focus (Baumgartner Hensley, pp. 202-203). Of importance, and as explicated by Sumner (2006, p. 249), qualitative research à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦is often based upon interpretivism, constructivism, and inductivism. Thus, while quantitative research is primarily deductive, attempting to control, explain, and predict phenomena external of influence; qualitative research attempts to understand, explore, and describe phenomena from within the social and cultu ral constructions of the lived experience. Post-Positivism History and Philosophy Classical positivism emerged from the works of August Comte (1789-1875). Comte believed that empirical verification (observation and measurement) was the foundation of all scientific development (Polifroni Welch, 1999, p. 8). During the 19th Century classical positivism was reconceptualised through the work of philosophers from the Vienna circle into what became known as logical positivism. As Polifroni and Welch (1999, p. 8) explain, logical positivists aimed to eliminate all metaphysical considerations from within the scientific process. The possibility of theory was rejected, with claims to knowledge justified through observation of phenomena, which logical positivists believed could be examined external to its context (Munhall, 2007, p. 127). By obtaining theory-neutral facts, logical positivists maintained it was possible to obtain objective truth and develop Universal Laws to describe and predict phenomena. The 20th Century philosopher and critical realist Karl Popper (1902-1994) challenged the assumptions of logical positivists, arguing all attempts at objectivity were inherently subjective. For Popper all knowledge is provisional, conjectural, hypothetical (Thornton, 2013 (Spring Edition) para. 19). Thus, as Thornton (2013 (Spring Edition) para. 19) explicates, scientific theories cannot be empirically verified, only momentarily confirmed or empirically falsified. Furthermore, Popper believed metaphysical questions should be returned to scientific enquiry to enable deeper analysis of phenomena (Polifroni Welch, 1999, p. 67). By acknowledging the fundamental relativity and fallibility of knowledge claims and enabling the exploration of ontological concerns, Popper believed science could advance through the constant redevelopment of theories as informed by previous falsifications (what he termed verisimilitude) to gradually arrive at a position closer to the truth (Thornton, 2013 (Spri ng Edition) para. 20-30). Poppers philosophical observations represent the foundations of post-positivism. Interpretivism History and Philosophy Interpretivism has a long, rich, and complex history which is compressed and rather succinctly explained by Scwandt (1994, as cited in Willis, 2007, p. 100) as having foundations in the German intellectual tradition of hermeneutics and the verstehen tradition of sociology, the phenomenology of Alfred Shutz, and critiques of scientism and positivism in the social sciences [including] the writings of ordinary language philosophers critical of logical empiricism. Interpretivsits believe what constitutes reality is socially constructed and that therefore, understanding the context in which research occurs is critical to the interpretation of data gathered (Willis, p. 98). Unlike post-positivist research, interpretivist research does not seek to gain knowledge through explanation but rather through understanding (Willis, p. 98). As Willis (2007, p. 100) states, this fundamental distinction was first made by William Dilthey (1813-1911) who proposed that although explanation (erklaren) and the establishment of Universal laws may be an appropriate aim for the natural sciences; it is incompatible for research in the cultural (human) sciences. Instead, Dilthey believed the human sciences should focus upon gaining meaning through understanding (verstehen). An aim achieved by examination of the lived experience. Diltheys conceptualisation of interpretivism reflect his origins in hermeneutics; a tradition which Baumgartner and Hensley (2006, p. 203) describe as fundamental to qualitative research. Hermeneutics, given foundations by Friedrich Schleiermacher (1768-1834) (Munhall, 2007, p. 111), refers to a theory and method of interpretation; of discovering hidden meaning by understanding the context in which meaningful human action occurs (Baumgartner Hensley, 2006, p. 203). According to Willis (2007, p. 104) philosophical hermeneutics is grounded in interpretivist epistemology; rejecting foundationalism in favour of a subjective, contextual understanding. This grounding was heavily influenced by the work of Martin Heidegger (1889-1976), through whose efforts the entire foundation of philosophy shifted from an epistemological to an ontological focus. Challenged by the work of Edmund Husserl, Heidegger developed a hermeneutical interpretation of phenomenology (Finlay Ballinger, 2006, pp. 186-187) aimed at understanding the experience of being-in-the-world or Dasein (Wheeler, 2013 (Spring Edition)). Enabling analysis and interpretation of experience or phenomena, through which themes and meaning emerge, is the hermeneutic circle. As explained by Willis (2007, p. 106), during this process the researcher constantly shifts between the parts and the whole; continually revising and further developing interpretations by moving from the research topic, to the research context, to the researchers own subjective understanding. Originally developed by Dilthey (Polifroni Welch, 1999, p. 242), the circle was reconceptualised by Heidegger to reflect and inform his ontological investigations, coming to represent the interplay between our self-understanding and our understanding of the world (Ramberg Gjesdal, 2009 (Summer Edition) para. 33). Appropriated by the existentialist Hans-Georg Gadamer in his search for à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦an understanding of understanding (Polifroni Welch, 1999, p. 242) the circle remains in use today; representative of the origins of interpretivism. Post-Positivism and Interpretivism As the preceding sections have alluded, post-positivism is grounded in the ontology of critical realism. Post-positivists therefore maintain that although there exists an external reality independent of human consciousness, obtaining a truly objective view of this reality is not possible. Nonetheless, the post-positivist preserves objectivity as an ideal in the search for truth. Conversely, interpretivism is grounded in the ontology of relativism. Thus, interpretivists believe not only that access to an objective reality is impossible as all knowledge is contextually relative, but that there exists no universal truths (Smith, 2008, p. 275). These foundational beliefs are reflected within the data collection and analysis processes. Creswell (2003, as cited in Baumgartner Hendley, 2007, p. 201) identifies four types of qualitative data collection methods: documents, observation, audio-visual, and interviews. According to Rebar and Macnee (2011, p. 151) at the most foundational level, data collected in qualitative studies should function to enable the researcher to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦construct a description of the meaning of the variables under study. This is in comparison to quantitative data collection methods which à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦aim to measure the variables of interest clearly, specifically, and accurately(Rebar Macnee, p. 155). Reflecting the aim of statistical analysis of numerical data, quantitative data collection methods may include chemical laboratory tests, systematic observations, physiologic measurement or highly structured questionnaires (Rebar Macnee, p. 155). In relation to data analysis, Rebar and Macnee (2011, p. 69) assert that while organising and assessing data to find meaning remains the same for both the qualitative and quantitative approach, methods to achieve this aim differ considerably. For example, within the qualitative research approach the aim is to describe and explain; to gain insight into a specific experience or phenomena, understood as contextual and relative (Rebar Macnee, p. 69). While in contrast, results obtained from quantitative data analysis (which may also describe and explain) primarily aim to infer and predict; to be generalizable beyond the specific research setting (Rebar Macnee, pp. 66-67). As Baumgartner and Hensley (2006, pp. 323-341) state, central to attaining inference from quantitative data is the presence of objectivity, reliability, and validity during data collection. Conversely, avoiding error and establishing rigor within qualitative data collection and analysis requires the researcher to constantly review data to ensure its trustworthiness, confirmability, transferability, and credibility (Rebar Macnee, 2011, p. 151). Therefore, while the quantitative researcher employs formulae and statistical methods to organise data and extract meaning; the qualitative researcher derives meaning via methods of induction and interpretation. As explained by Julian (2008) the intellectual process (para. 1) of content analysis, within which the qualitative researcher categories and codes data identifying dominant themes which are subsequently explored and described, represents one of these methods. With the aim of comparing and contrasting the post-positivist and interpretivist research paradigms, this essay began by delineating the fundamental distinctions between the quantitative and qualitative research method. Following this, the history and philosophy of both post-positivism and interpretivism were outlined, with significant figures impacting upon each paradigm identified. Finally, methodological differences between the post-positivists and interpretivist research paradigms were compared and contrasted, with differences within data collection and analysis methods of each framework outlined. In summary, while post-positivism emerged from the work of Karl Popper, is associated with the quantitative research method, and adopts a critical realist philosophy; interpretivism emerged from the work of William Dilthey and Martin Heidegger, is associated with the qualitative research method, and adopts a relativist philosophy. Depending on research aims, post-positivism and interpre tivism offer two unique and characteristic frameworks which function to guide and inform the research process.

Discrimination and prejudices against Chinese women

Discrimination and prejudices against Chinese women This paper will be focusing on the discrimination and prejudices again gender especially females in China. It will give readers details on how they are being treated and discriminated in the past as well as the present time. This paper will also cover solutions on how this problem could be reduced by cooperating with the government by educating the people throughout the country and make males and females to have equal rights. SECTION II THE ISSUES AND WHO ARE INVOLVED According to Matt Rosenberg, 2010, the population of China is around 1.3 billion; this figure is based on the registered citizens that we know. Until now we are uncertain of the actual figure of China population as there are babies that are not registered yet with the government due to the one-child policy that China has. One-child policy (Matt Rosenberg, 2010) was created in the year 1979, to limit the growth of communist in China by ensuring every couple having one child only (Jeffery Hays, 2008).Females are being discriminated in traditionally Chinese culture as males are thought to be important because they will be looking after property; inherit land; and passing on the family name. But females have less benefit than males as they will be married off from the family. In China (Adam Brookes 2001), female babies are being discriminated even before they are being born. Researchers did an annual statistics report showing that a million of girl fetuses are being aborted, prior to tha t, tens of thousands of girl infants are being abandoned as well. From ancient practices (Eric Baculinao, 2004) , if a Chinese family without son will face poverty and neglect as Chinese believe that male offspring symbolize continuity of lineage and protection in old age! With advances in medical technology there was a widespread of cheap and portable ultra-sound scanner in the 1980s, that allowed parents to choose their baby sex, this kind of practices are called pre-natal sex selection. If the parents discovered that their baby is a girl they will choose to abort it and try again for a boy. Researched done by (Eric Baculinao, 2004) on Missing Girls, showing the trend of boys and girls being born from a Chinese-tank report. We can see huge significant difference in number of boys and girls being born in recent years. And by looking at the table we can see that parents prefer boys than girls. Year Boys Girls Ratio ( Boys against Girls) Early 80s 108.5 100 1.09 : 1 1990 111 100 1.11 : 1 2000 116 100 1.16 : 1 Present 120 100 1.2 : 1 (According to a Chinese-tank report) SECTION III WHY IS IT IMPORTANT FOR US TO TALK ABOUT IT? According to Eric Baculinao, 2004, in the year 2002 a survey conducted in a central China village shows that out of 820 women there are more than 300 of them undergo abortion before. And one third of them admitted that they were trying to select their babys sex. (Sheryl WuDUNN, 1992) In a few decades China has made everyone richer but in some ways, China also made life difficult for the nation 565 million women. In China, women are being discriminated in the area of jobs, housing and land location. For example, whenever company is hiring women they usually look for physical attractiveness of the women as they can be used as an ornament in offices or lure businesses for the company. And they usually have lesser chances to get promoted to higher position in their working life. A survey conducted by (Peoples Daily Online, 2010) on females graduates, showing that 21 percent of female students graduating this year found jobs by end of February, much lower than the male student percentage which is 29.5 percent. From the percentage we can obviously see that females are lagging behind in the employment rates. Beginning of 2009 (China Human Rights, N.D), Jiangsu provincial education department did a random survey on 100 employer unit to find out which gender they prefer to hire. The result was 53% will hire male graduates and 35% 36% wanted female graduates, the rest did not have any gender restriction. From the percentage from the survey, we can see that out of 100 companies more than 50 companies prefers to hire males than females. They are being discriminated even further, as even if they have outstanding grades and having many qualification certificates it is no better than an identification card of a male graduate. And i feel that the discrimination against females in China is addressed. Beside from being denied access to good jobs even though they had good qualifications, there have been cases of domestic violence against females in China. According to some survey on domestic violence (Jeffery Hays, 2008), there is around 30 percent occurring in families. The All China Women Federation (ACWF), (Cheng Yingqi, 2010), annually received 40,000 to 50,000 complains since 2004, usually this cases involved husbands acting violently towards them. (Percentage of Females Domestic Violence Victims) From the table, we can see that out of 473 females domestic violence victims around 37.6 percent are between the ages of 31-40 years old and 33 percent of them only had Middle school education background. And they usually suffer physical, psychological and sexual abuse an average of 7.4 times a year (Cheng Yingqi, 2010). SECTION IV WHERE CAN WE START TO FIX THE PROBLEM? There are several ways that the discrimination and prejudice against the females in china can be improved. Example, the All-China Womens Federation (ACWF) was created in April 3, 1949, and dedicated for Chinese women of all ethnic groups in all walks of life. (ACWF, N.D) The federation created laws and regulations with the help of government to safeguard women rights and promote equal rights among men and women in all areas. The China Law center hosted a workshop on anti-discrimination laws with Sichuan University law school. (Yale Law School, 2008) The workshop explore ways which that American approach combating against discrimination, this would provide helpful insight for Chinese academics, lawyers, and activists  seeking to reduce discrimination in China.   Several other organizations in the world are also trying to help females in China. For example the UN Action for women (Department of Public Information, 1996), in 1995 after the Womens conference China provided training for 10 million women in rural area. These training give women in rural area some basic education as most of them are illiterate. The Anti-Domestic violence Network of China law (N.D), specialized in domestic violence against women and eliminating gender based violence. They also promote gender equality as well as social development in the community. SECTION V CONCLUSION Having research about the discrimination of females in China and what has been done so far to help ease the problem. I feel that there is still much effort needed on the China governments enforcement in discrimination against females. Even though there are organizations lending a helping hand for women in China there will still be discrimination against them. The possibility of removing discrimination against females in China is still not possible yet, even though there are laws created to aid them as well as campaigns prompting not to discriminate girls. For example, the Family planning propaganda sends a message saying Boy or girl, it is the same Both can carry on the family name (Research-China.Org, 2005) and the message is far most prominent. With all this aids and campaigns helping females in china, I still strongly believe that discrimination against females in China is still an issue and cant be solved so easily. SECTION VI REFERENCE LINK By Matt Rosenberg (2010), China Population, Available from: http://geography.about.com/od/populationgeography/a/chinapopulation.htm By Matt Rosenberg (2010), Chinas One Child Policy, Available from: http://geography.about.com/od/populationgeography/a/onechild.htm By Jeffery Hays (2008), Preference for Boys in China, available from: http://factsanddetails.com/china.php?itemid=126HYPERLINK http://factsanddetails.com/china.php?itemid=126catid=4subcatid=15HYPERLINK http://factsanddetails.com/china.php?itemid=126catid=4subcatid=15catid=4HYPERLINK http://factsanddetails.com/china.php?itemid=126catid=4subcatid=15HYPERLINK http://factsanddetails.com/china.php?itemid=126catid=4subcatid=15subcatid=15 By Adam Brookes (2001), Chinas Unwanted Girls, available from: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/1506469.stm By Eric Baculinao (2004), Chinas grapples with legacy of its missing girls, available from: http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/5953508/ns/world_news By Sheryl WuDUNN (1992), Women face increasing bias as china focuses on profits, available from: http://www.nytimes.com/1992/07/28/world/women-face-increasing-bias-as-china-focuses-on-profits.html By Peoples Daily Online (2010), Sexual Discrimination still exist in Chinas job market, available from: http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/90001/90782/6909178.html By China Human Rights (No Date), Gender Discrimination, available from: http://www.chinahumanrights.org/CSHRS/Magazine/Text/t20100520_593164_1.htm By Jeffery Hays (2008), Problems face by women in china, available from: http://factsanddetails.com/china.php?itemid=104HYPERLINK http://factsanddetails.com/china.php?itemid=104catid=4subcatid=21HYPERLINK http://factsanddetails.com/china.php?itemid=104catid=4subcatid=21catid=4HYPERLINK http://factsanddetails.com/china.php?itemid=104catid=4subcatid=21HYPERLINK http://factsanddetails.com/china.php?itemid=104catid=4subcatid=21subcatid=21 By Cheng Yingqi, China Daily, (2010), Experts urge curbing domestic violence, available from: http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2010-11/26/content_11612576.htm By All-China Womens Federation (ACWF),No Date(N.D), available from: http://www.women.org.cn/english/english/aboutacwf/mulu.htm By Department of Public Information (1996), UN actions for Women, available from: http://www.un.org/ecosocdev/geninfo/women/dpi1796e.htm By Yale Law School (2008), The China Law Center Co-Hosts Workshop on Anti-Discrimination Law, available from: http://www.law.yale.edu/intellectuallife/6198.htm By Anti-Domestic Violence Network of China Law Society, No date (N.D), Strive for a world without violence for women, available from: http://www.stopdv.org.cn/en/about.asp By Research China.Org (2005), Why Girls Are Abandoned in China, available from: http://research-china.blogspot.com/2005/10/why-girls-are-abandoned-in-china.html ~END~

The Importance of the Dance in A Dolls House Essay -- A Dolls House E

The Importance of the Dance in A Doll's House    Dancing is a beautiful form of expression that reveals a good deal about a person in a matter of minutes.   Characters that dance in plays and novels usually flash some sort of underlying meaning pertaining to their story, shining light on themselves, other characters, and the movement of the action.   In Ibsen's A Doll's House, Nora's performance of the tarantella summarizes the plot of the entire play.      Take, for example, Torvald's attitude towards Nora's offbeat movements.   Torvald plays the piano for Nora initially, but becomes so frustrated with Nora's dancing that he abandons his tune and attempts to re-teach Nora the tarantella.   This simple confrontation reflects the main action; Torvald is the one who provides Nora with music and who had previously taught Nora how to dance, just like he is the one who gives her a home and has sculpted her into his ideal wife.   Nora cannot dance rhythmically to Torvald's song because both her lies and Torvald's strong belief in app...

Essay --

The play â€Å"An Enemy of the People† focuses on the truth and how different characters expose their outlook about it. Each of the characters are enthused by diverse things, so intern, they act in certain ways. Consequently, they end up in battles due to their differing opinions about the truth of the water. For example, Mayor Peter Stockmann acts in more aggressive way, because he’s motivated financially. Doctor Thomas Stockmann attempts to uncover the truth because of his worry of the public’s well-being and because he trusts that he’s doing the correct thing. Katherine supports Doctor Stockmann because she’s inspired by family and faithfulness towards her husband. Hovstad, a political radical, yet very corrupt as he enjoys stirring up drama as long as he isn’t directly involved. Everyone’s motivated by different things that are important to them, whether they are right or wrong they’re persistent in their beliefs. Mayor Stockmann had to disregard the reality because of money. Cash played a big role which moved Peter Stockmann to neglect the condition of the Baths therefore ending up in a battle with his brother Doctor Stockmann. Ever since the town added it, much income from the Baths, the Mayor didn’t want to uncover the truth to the public. Mayor Stockmann made the remark. â€Å"Of course it will be necessary to raise a municipal loan† (Ibsen 55), this proves that he’s being covetous and implying that at times, its most appropriate to hide the truth because individuals will get annoyed and attempt to repair the problem. Nonetheless, fixing the issue will take much finance and the Mayor’s awfully worried about money and reputation. He refused to put time and money in fixing the pipelines in the Baths so he chose to hide the truth and ... ...Stockmann, Doctor. Thomas Stockmann, Katherine and Hovstad all trust that what they’re doing is right and they feel that they must defend their ideas. Sadly to say, but Mayor Stockmann’s motivation is solely based upon money, Dr. Thomas Stockmann’s inspiration is morally the truth, Katherine is worried about the protection of the family, and Hovstad, just want to play both sides of the fences, because he is scared to be in the minority and afraid of the Mayor. These inspirations help each person to advance and form their character and disposition as the play continues. I feel that, it was very interesting to see how people will act in order to make themselves look good to the crowd. Even if it is the truth, and there is one person standing for truth and one hundred standing for a lie, people will sacrifice and be happy to be with the lie, because it is more people.

Business Finance

Multinational Business Finance, 12e (Eiteman, et al) Chapter 1 Globalization and the Multinational Enterprise 1. 1 Globalization and Creating Value in the Multinational Enterprise Multiple Choice 1) Which of the following are critical to a firm trying to reach the top of the â€Å"firm value pyramid†? A) An open market place. B) High quality strategic management. C) Access to capital. D) all of the above Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic: 1. 1 Globalization and Creating Value in the Multinational Enterprise Skill: Conceptual 2) A well-established, large U.S. -based MNE will probably NOT be able to overcome which of the following obstacles to maximizing firm value? A) An open market place. B) High quality strategic management. C) Access to capital. D) none of the above Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: 1. 1 Globalization and Creating Value in the Multinational Enterprise Skill: Recognition 3) A well-established, large China-based MNE will probably be most adversely affected by which of the follow ing elements of firm value? A) An open marketplace. B) High-quality strategic management. C) Access to capital.D) Access to qualified labor pool. Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic: 1. 1 Globalization and Creating Value in the Multinational Enterprise Skill: Conceptual 4) A well-established, large, Brazil-based MNE will probably be most adversely affected by which of the following elements of firm value? A) An open marketplace. B) High-quality strategic management. C) Access to capital. D) Access to qualified labor pool. Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic: 1. 1 Globalization and Creating Value in the Multinational Enterprise Skill: Conceptual True/False ) Three necessary conditions for a firm to reach the top of the â€Å"firm value pyramid† are an open market place, high quality strategic management, and access to capital. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: 1. 1 Globalization and Creating Value in the Multinational Enterprise Skill: Conceptual 2) Comparative advantage is one of the underlying principles driving the growth of global business. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: 1. 1 Globalization and Creating Value in the Multinational Enterprise Skill: Recognition Essay 1) List and explain three strategic motives why firms become multinationals and give an example of each.Answer: The authors provide 5 strategic motives for firms to become multinationals: market seekers, raw materials seekers, production efficiency seekers, knowledge seekers, and political safety seekers. Market seekers are looking for more consumers for their products such as automobiles or steel. Knowledge seekers may be looking for an educated work force similar to the way firms seeking R and D set up shop in university towns. Raw materials seekers may be after commodities such as oil or copper. Production efficiencies may occur in countries like Mexico that have capable workers and lower wages.Political safety seekers are looking for countries that will not expropriate their assets, so they may stay away from countries that in the post have engaged in such activities. Diff: 3 Topic: 1. 1 Globalization and Creating Value in the Multinational Enterprise Skill: Conceptual 1. 2 The Theory of Comparative Advantage Multiple Choice 1) The theory that suggests specialization by country can increase worldwide production is ________. A) the theory of comparative advantage B) the theory of foreign direct investment C) the international Fisher effect D) the theory of working capital managementAnswer: A Diff: 2 Topic: 1. 2 The Theory of Comparative Advantage Skill: Recognition 2) Which of the following is NOT a reason governments interfere with comparative advantage? A) Governments attempt to achieve full employment. B) Governments promote economic development. C) National self-sufficiency in defense-related industries. D) All are reasons governments interfere with comparative advantage. Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: 1. 2 The Theory of Comparative Advantage Skill: Recognition 3) Which of the following factors of p roduction DO NOT flow freely between countries? A) Raw materialsB) Financial capital C) (Non-military) Technology D) All of the above factors of production flow freely among countries. Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic: 1. 2 The Theory of Comparative Advantage Skill: Recognition 4) Which of the following would NOT be a way to implement comparative advantage? A) IBM exports computers to Egypt. B) Computer hardware is designed in the United States but manufactured and assembled in Korea. C) Water of the greatest purity is obtained from wells in Oregon, bottled, and exported worldwide. D) All of the above are examples of ways to implement comparative advantage.Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: 1. 2 The Theory of Comparative Advantage Skill: Conceptual 5) Of the following, which would NOT be considered a way that government interferes with comparative advantage? A) Tariffs. B) Managerial skills. C) Quotas. D) Other non-tariff restrictions. Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic: 1. 2 The Theory of Comparative Advantage Skill: Recognition True/False 1) The theory of comparative advantage owes it origins to Ben Bernanke as described in his book The Wealth of Bankers. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: 1. 2 The Theory of Comparative Advantage Skill: Recognition ) International trade might have approached the comparative advantage model in the 19th century, and it does so even more today. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: 1. 2 The Theory of Comparative Advantage Skill: Conceptual 3) Comparative advantage shifts over time as less developed countries become more developed and realize their latent opportunities. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: 1. 2 The Theory of Comparative Advantage Skill: Recognition 4) Comparative advantage in the 21st century is based more on services and their cross border facilitation by telecommunications and the Internet.Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: 1. 2 The Theory of Comparative Advantage Skill: Recognition 5) Comparative advantage was once the cornerstone of international trade theory, but tod ay it is archaic, simplistic, and irrelevant for explaining investment choices made by MNEs. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: 1. 2 The Theory of Comparative Advantage Skill: Recognition 1. 3 What Is Different about Global Financial Management? Multiple Choice 1) Which of the following domestic financial instruments have NOT been modified for use in international financial management? A) Currency options and futures.B) Interest rate and currency swaps. C) Letters of credit. D) All of the above are domestic financial instruments that have also been modified for use in international financial markets. Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: 1. 3 What Is Different about Global Financial Management? Skill: Recognition True/False 1) MNEs must modify finance theories like cost of capital and capital budgeting because of foreign complexities. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: 1. 3 What Is Different about Global Financial Management? Skill: Recognition 1. 4 Market Imperfections: A Rationale for the Existence of the Multinational FirmMultiple Choice 1) In determining why a firm becomes multinational there are many reasons. One reason is that the firm is a market seeker. Which of the following is NOT a reason why market seeking firms produce in foreign countries? A) Satisfaction of local demand in the foreign country. B) Satisfaction of local demand in the domestic markets. C) Political safely and small likelihood of government expropriation of assets. D) All of the above are market-seeking activities. Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic: 1. 4 Market Imperfections: A Rationale for the Existence of the Multinational Firm Skill: Recognition ) ________ investments are designed to promote and enhance the growth and profitability of the firm. ________ investments are designed to deny those same opportunities to the firm's competitors. A) Conservative; Aggressive B) Defensive; Proactive C) Proactive; Defensive D) Aggressive; Proactive Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic: 1. 4 Market Imperfections: A Rationale for the Existen ce of the Multinational Firm Skill: Recognition True/False 1) For firms competing in a world characterized by oligopolistic competition, strategic motives can be subdivided into proactive and defensive investments. Answer: TRUEDiff: 1 Topic: 1. 4 Market Imperfections: A Rationale for the Existence of the Multinational Firm Skill: Recognition 2) Defensive measures are designed to enhance growth and profitability of the firm itself. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: 1. 4 Market Imperfections: A Rationale for the Existence of the Multinational Firm Skill: Recognition 1. 5 The Globalization Process Multiple Choice 1) The phase of the globalization process characterized by imports from foreign suppliers and exports to foreign buyers is called the A) domestic phase. B) multinational phase. C) international trade phase.D) import-export banking phase. Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic: 1. 5 The Globalization Process Skill: Recognition 2) The authors describe the multinational phase of globalization for a firm as one characterized by the A) ownership of assets and enterprises in foreign countries. B) potential for international competitors or suppliers even though all accounts are with domestic firms and are denominated in dollars. C) imports from foreign suppliers and exports to foreign buyers. D) requirement that all employees be multilingual. Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic: 1. 5 The Globalization Process Skill: Recognition ) A firm in the International Trade Phase of Globalization A) makes all foreign payments in foreign currency units and all foreign receipts in domestic currency units. B) receives all foreign receipts in foreign currency units and makes all foreign payments in domestic currency units. C) bears direct foreign exchange risk. D) none of the above Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic: 1. 5 The Globalization Process Skill: Conceptual 4) Of the following, which was NOT mentioned by the authors as an increase in the demands of financial management services due to increased globalization b y the firm?A) Evaluation of the credit quality of foreign buyers and sellers. B) Foreign consumer method of payment preferences. C) Credit risk management. D) Evaluation of foreign exchange risk. Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic: 1. 5 The Globalization Process Skill: Recognition 5) Of the following, which was NOT mentioned by the authors as an increase in the demands of financial management services due to increased globalization by the firm? A) Evaluation of the credit quality of foreign buyers and sellers. B) Foreign consumer method of payment preferences. C) Credit risk management.D) Evaluation of foreign exchange risk. Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic: 1. 5 The Globalization Process Skill: Recognition 6) The authors describe the multinational phase of globalization for a firm as one characterized by the A) ownership of assets and enterprises in foreign countries. B) potential for international competitors or suppliers even though all accounts are with domestic firms and are denominated in dollars . C) imports from foreign suppliers and exports to foreign buyers. D) requirement that all employees be multilingual. Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic: 1. 5 The Globalization ProcessSkill: Recognition 7) The twin agency problems limiting financial globalization are caused by these two groups acting in their own self-interests rather than the interests of the firm. A) Rulers of sovereign states and unsavory customs officials. B) Corporate insiders and attorneys. C) Corporate insiders and rulers of sovereign states. D) Attorneys and unsavory customs officials. Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic: 1. 5 The Globalization Process Skill: Recognition True/False 1) Typically, a firm in its domestic stage of globalization has all financial transactions in its domestic currency.Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: 1. 5 The Globalization Process Skill: Conceptual 2) Typically, a â€Å"greenfield† investment abroad is considered a greater foreign investment having a greater foreign presence than a joint venture with a foreign firm. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: 1. 5 The Globalization Process Skill: Recognition 3) The authors argue that financial inefficiency caused by influential insiders may prove to be an increasingly troublesome barrier to international finance. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: 1. 5 The Globalization Process Skill: Conceptual

Case Study Report: Odi

Case Study Report: Optical Distortion, Inc. (A) For the three types of chicken farms, the appealing and unappealing characteristics of using ODI contact lens are presented as below. When it comes to appealing characteristics, the three types of chicken farms are the same: less cannibalism, less feed cost, and less the temporary weight loss and the retardation of egg production. From the perspective of cannibalism, which is originally 25% showed in experience, flock mortality is reduced to an average of 4. 5% when ODI lens are used .On the contrary, the debeaking makes the mortality for cannibalism from 25% to only 9% , which is higher than contact lenses used. In other words, farmers can save more 4. 5% (9% minus 4. 5%) chickens in their farm. On the other words, farmers can save $2. 40(price of per hen)*4. 5%*the number of chickens in the farm. From the perspective of less feed cost, the debeaking chicken only can eat the feed in the trough at least 3/8† deep, while the ODI le ns used chicken only can eat the feed in the trough below 3/8†deep.At $158 per ton for chicken feed, this would represent considerable annual savings, especially for large farms. From the perspective of less the temporary weight loss and the retardation of egg production, because the fewer cannibalism and the trauma resulting, farmer can get more eggs. When it comes to unappealing characteristics, the details are as below. Farm Types| Unappealing Characteristics|Small Farms| Labor cost| Lens cost| The number of birds are too small to use the new technology| Medium Farms| Yearly cash flow is only $375,000| The melting point of the hydrophilic polymer is very close to the sterilization temperature| Not reused and the lens cost| Large Farms| Not reused| Lens cost| The melting point of the hydrophilic polymer is very close to the sterilization temperature| As regards geographic areas, ODI should focus its efforts on California. Given the density of large farms n California (flock size of 50,000 or greater), it seems prudent not only to perform the initial product introduction there but to focus the entire first year of business in this single West Coast state. The first year’s planned production volume is approximately 20 million, essentially the same as California’s chicken population. Success in this region could later force farms in other states to implement the lens simply as a means of staying competitive. As regards target segment, it would seem that the focus should be initially on farms with a flock size of 50,000 and over, which means the large farms.Since this would limit the overhead (fixed costs) needed to service these accounts (fewer sales and technical experts required). Also, by focusing on large farms, the sales team could interface with the farms directly, and there would be no need for a â€Å"middle man† to be involved in product distribution. Avoiding this intermediary would help keep costs down. For ODI, pricing con siderations for a pair of lenses are as below. Item| Fixed Cost| Advertising in Trade Publications| $100,000| Headquarters Expenses| $184,000(for volume of 20 million pair)| Regional Office and Warehouse| $196,000|Costs of Molds| $12,000 x 3 = $36,000 (3 molds are needed to produce 21,600,000 pair annually)| Licensing Agreement with New World Plastics| $25,000 (per year, must be paid for first and second year of production)| Item| Variable Cost| per pair of lenses| $0. 032| ODI Cost(per year): TC=FC+MC TOTAL COST=[($100,000 + $184,000 + $196,000 + $36,000 + $25,000)/(50% of 475600000)]+0. 032=$0. 055 (5. 5 cent) per pair Farmers Saving when using ODI lens(per year): Item| Saving| Less Mortality| $2. 40*(9%-4. 5%)=0. 108| Less retardation of egg production| 0. 3/12=0. 044| Less feed cost| (0. 2446-0. 2368)*3/8*($158/2000)*365=0. 084| TOTAL SAVING=$0. 108+$0. 044+$0. 084=$0. 236(23. 6cent) The minimum price that ODI considered is 8 cent per pair, so the price stage is from 8 cent to 2 3. 6 cent, and the ODI should adopt the price policy on entry which is set the price near 23. 6 cent per pair. For the realistic goal for ODI by 1978 is the 50 percent penetration of such farms, when means ODI wants to reach the 50 percent of 470. 8 million pairs, that is, 235. 4 million pairs of lens be sold and used in the farms. Case Study Report: Odi Case Study Report: Optical Distortion, Inc. (A) For the three types of chicken farms, the appealing and unappealing characteristics of using ODI contact lens are presented as below. When it comes to appealing characteristics, the three types of chicken farms are the same: less cannibalism, less feed cost, and less the temporary weight loss and the retardation of egg production. From the perspective of cannibalism, which is originally 25% showed in experience, flock mortality is reduced to an average of 4. 5% when ODI lens are used .On the contrary, the debeaking makes the mortality for cannibalism from 25% to only 9% , which is higher than contact lenses used. In other words, farmers can save more 4. 5% (9% minus 4. 5%) chickens in their farm. On the other words, farmers can save $2. 40(price of per hen)*4. 5%*the number of chickens in the farm. From the perspective of less feed cost, the debeaking chicken only can eat the feed in the trough at least 3/8† deep, while the ODI le ns used chicken only can eat the feed in the trough below 3/8†deep.At $158 per ton for chicken feed, this would represent considerable annual savings, especially for large farms. From the perspective of less the temporary weight loss and the retardation of egg production, because the fewer cannibalism and the trauma resulting, farmer can get more eggs. When it comes to unappealing characteristics, the details are as below. Farm Types| Unappealing Characteristics|Small Farms| Labor cost| Lens cost| The number of birds are too small to use the new technology| Medium Farms| Yearly cash flow is only $375,000| The melting point of the hydrophilic polymer is very close to the sterilization temperature| Not reused and the lens cost| Large Farms| Not reused| Lens cost| The melting point of the hydrophilic polymer is very close to the sterilization temperature| As regards geographic areas, ODI should focus its efforts on California. Given the density of large farms n California (flock size of 50,000 or greater), it seems prudent not only to perform the initial product introduction there but to focus the entire first year of business in this single West Coast state. The first year’s planned production volume is approximately 20 million, essentially the same as California’s chicken population. Success in this region could later force farms in other states to implement the lens simply as a means of staying competitive. As regards target segment, it would seem that the focus should be initially on farms with a flock size of 50,000 and over, which means the large farms.Since this would limit the overhead (fixed costs) needed to service these accounts (fewer sales and technical experts required). Also, by focusing on large farms, the sales team could interface with the farms directly, and there would be no need for a â€Å"middle man† to be involved in product distribution. Avoiding this intermediary would help keep costs down. For ODI, pricing con siderations for a pair of lenses are as below. Item| Fixed Cost| Advertising in Trade Publications| $100,000| Headquarters Expenses| $184,000(for volume of 20 million pair)| Regional Office and Warehouse| $196,000|Costs of Molds| $12,000 x 3 = $36,000 (3 molds are needed to produce 21,600,000 pair annually)| Licensing Agreement with New World Plastics| $25,000 (per year, must be paid for first and second year of production)| Item| Variable Cost| per pair of lenses| $0. 032| ODI Cost(per year): TC=FC+MC TOTAL COST=[($100,000 + $184,000 + $196,000 + $36,000 + $25,000)/(50% of 475600000)]+0. 032=$0. 055 (5. 5 cent) per pair Farmers Saving when using ODI lens(per year): Item| Saving| Less Mortality| $2. 40*(9%-4. 5%)=0. 108| Less retardation of egg production| 0. 3/12=0. 044| Less feed cost| (0. 2446-0. 2368)*3/8*($158/2000)*365=0. 084| TOTAL SAVING=$0. 108+$0. 044+$0. 084=$0. 236(23. 6cent) The minimum price that ODI considered is 8 cent per pair, so the price stage is from 8 cent to 2 3. 6 cent, and the ODI should adopt the price policy on entry which is set the price near 23. 6 cent per pair. For the realistic goal for ODI by 1978 is the 50 percent penetration of such farms, when means ODI wants to reach the 50 percent of 470. 8 million pairs, that is, 235. 4 million pairs of lens be sold and used in the farms.

Ray Rice vs. Solange and Jay Z

Violence against one another is not okay either way male or female. The Ray Rice, Jay Z and Collagen incident happened the exact same way Just the opposite sex. This fight within the celebrities had the world talking. â€Å"What Happened? Or is there sound to hear what they're sallying The reason this has an effect on our culture Is because both Jay Z and Ray Rice are huge role models to people. In the music Industry Jay Z Is a role model to people because people want to be just like him.Ray Rice is the man n the NFG and he has people that want to play in the league and that look up to him as their favorite player. The difference between the videos is that one is a male and one is a female whiffs doing the hitting. No one knows what really happened or what caused the fight they Just see hitting. Now since Collagen was hitting Jay Z people didn't make It a big deal, some of the peoples comments were â€Å"Collagen got them hands! Or She can fight! † people were basically worsh ipping her, not understanding that she was attacking him. What if he would have swung back?Then Jay z would have been labeled as a woman beater, but instead he didn't he Just kept moving her. In the middle of everything I still am trying to figure out why Beyond didn't do anything. Instead of people understanding that Collagen is a woman and not hitting her was the right thing to do, people are saying he's a female dog and a vagina. All of this Is because he has respect not only for women but his wife, by not hitting her sister. One thing I did find interesting while researching is that some reporters say he reason Collagen went off like that is because she found out Jay Z has been hitting Beyond.Beyond has a song out and in this song one of her lyrics say sit goes down when it's a billion dollars on an elevator. † Shocker that happened, could that be the reason Beyond wasn't fighting back? Now Ray Rice and his fiancà ©Ã‚ ©e, that whole video was disrespectful to start. Not o nly did he spit on her while she was walking past but he did It again when he got on the elevator. For Ray Rice to do something like that shows that he has no respect for any woman. One person comment was â€Å"l onto care how mad you get never spit on a lady then put your hands on her! ESP. better known as Sports Center was going crazy. Ray Rice was the trending topic all day. He ended up getting suspended and his wife ended up staying with him. She caused all that drama to be right back with him. Some people still call her a Gold- digger, because she Just wants his money. The fight between Ray Rice and his fiancà ©Ã‚ ©e grabbed more attention in the media and throughout the world because he's a football athlete. He has his whole football career ahead of him and he almost threw it al away over hitting a woman.I remember watching ESP. and one of the reporters stated, â€Å"Was he drunk? Does he know what could happen to him? † Number three of media literacy is the ability t o distinguish emotional from reasoned reactions when responding to content and to act accordingly. The emotional part was watching his sympathy for her. In closing, both fights were wrong, both fights shouldn't have happened, but everyone has their problems. No one knows everyone's problems but when you're a star or a celebrity, there is no private life.

Goods That Must Be Provided by the Government Essay

Public goods are good that have two special characteristics-non excludable and non-rivalable. Non-rivalable means that consume the goods of one person do not influence the consumption of others, of example traffic light, when a person use the traffic light, the quanlity of the light do not decrease, other can also use the goods under the same quanlity. Non-excludable means that every one can use the goods, nobody is exclude from using the goods, for example, national defences, no one is unprotectable when they are in the country. Merit goods are goods that are under provided because of lack of information. Individual do not appreciate the benefit that will occur, these goods should be provided in a greater quantity. For example, museums, education there are lots of benefit to consume them. People can gets more knoeledge there and this is not only benefit for themselves but also people around and the society, the suicides may decrease and people with eider knowledge entered in works will make the process efficiency. So it is clearly that public good are goods that is under provided but this does not means that it only provided by government. They can provided by the market mechanism but to make more available the government provides them, subsidizes them or leigislates to make consumption compulsory, and for public goods they suffer from the free rider problem, if asked whether they would pay for them, households would lie and say because once provided, they could benefit anyway. No one is willing to pay for the goods, they will not be provided in the free market. So government must provided them. Public goods must be provided by the government but merit goods not must be provided by the government. It can provided by free market mechanism.

Martin Luther King and Malcolm X Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Martin Luther King and Malcolm X - Essay Example Nevertheless, the two authors seem to share feelings regarding the white run American society in which they lived. The two authors put blame on the whites for the prevailing racism; however, they agree that it was up to the black s to end the problem. Although Malcolm X and King used the black society, they had their own notions of how to deal and stop racism because Malcolm X favored the use of violence while King acknowledged the need use a nonviolent approach. King in his essay suggests a peaceful revolution although he is aware of eminent violence if peaceful demonstrations are unheeded; however, Malcolm X uses a direct and an aggressive approach in his article. Although all whites were not involved in supporting the problem of racism because some were trying to help fight for the blacks, it took Malcolm X a lot of time to figure that out. Malcolm in his essay â€Å"A homemade education† points out that he never felt truly free in his life until the time he was in prison. King in his essay talks about overestimating goodness because he acknowledges that few members of a race that oppressed another can understand the yearnings of those that have been oppressed. However, even after finding out he never received much white support as he hoped but he never lost faith in the white community (King 1; Malcolm 121-127). King in addressing the issue uses resources and references from the bible and religious icons in getting attention of the clergymen regarding the laws of segregation. Although this was an indirect route, he managed to attain what he wanted. King’s response to the clergymen uses peaceful rhetoric in presenting his arguments; moreover, he uses religious metaphors and imagery throughout his work in order to show peacefulness. King uses religious metaphors because he understands that the audience is made up of religious leaders and capable of relating to the religious symbolism he uses. King uses religion to

MODERN BUSINESS in Comparative Perspective (EXAM PREPARATION) Essay

MODERN BUSINESS in Comparative Perspective (EXAM PREPARATION) - Essay Example This was happened between the 17th and 18th century In the late 17th century, the United Kingdom (UK) began the industrial revolution. Before industrialization, the people used to live in the rural area practicing farming. However, the countries had distinctive advantage in the manufacturing industry, especially in textile industry. Moreover, The development of the steam engine played important roles in ensuring an improvement in the banking industry. However, the UK banking industrywas lack of intermediation. In the early 18th century, the United States (US) began the industrial revolution. After the civil war, the US industry was changed drastically. The railroads distributed goods and products everywhere; therefore, the production level was increased. Before industrialization, the organizational structure was under hierarchy structure. However, when the population in the cities increased after revolution, the country was decreased between rich and poor. Moreover, increasing in US industries improved in the banking industry. The US banking industry supported many industries along with introducing the stock markets. Both early-industrialized countries focused on invention and innovation. The UK and US were creatively used in the textile and automotive industry with adequate support of the financial institutions where started growth of economies. Moreover, the manufacturing industries were set in these countries that marked the growth in the market share. Late or newly, industrialization refers to those countries whose level of economic development is between the developing and the first world classifications (Wyatt, 2009).  This means that these countries have moved from the agriculture based economy to the industrialized urban economy. Some of the countries that are industrialized include Germany, China, and Japan. The development of the railway network fastened the transportation of goods from one place to another. In addition,