Florida Conquistadors :: essays research papers

The New WorldA estate of the realm where people could prosper. A attain with bulk of opportunity for quick advancework forcet in the Spanish military and diplomatic careers.     Coming to the end of the fifteenth century there were thousands of daring men and women who would be crossing the ocean to conquer just within a few centuries what had receden the Indians thousands to years to inhabit The discovery of Gold in Mexico and Peru caused some(prenominal) Spanish men to join the army Leading a successful colonial mission could get them the funds to build a castle kind of of the young sons of the nobility inheriting a small part of the family estate. There were also those who came for religious reasons. More than just priests and church leaders, the eternal blessing of paragon would be earned by turning the Americas into Catholic lands.     Through 1516 and 1561 Florida had been explored by many Spaniards. Two Including pimp De Leon and Panfilo De NavareazJuan Ponce De LeonKnown as the original discoverer of Florida. He was the grandson of a famous war hero. Trained as a soldier and a public servant. Joining Columbus second transit with his family they went to retire in the friar preacher Republic. Columbus had been made military governor for life, but with his death someone new had to be appointed, Spanish authorities refused to grant it to his son Diego. The big top had Ponce de Leon of course chosen. His first task was to colonize Puerto Rico it was accomplished with a few men and a greyhound that scared the natives.Diego Columbus was unhappy and contumacious to take his claim to the courts in Madrid. He was given his rights. Then becoming military governor, Ponce De Leon was removed from office. He felt his name was damaged and refused to practise Diego. He then was given title to explore the Upper Bahamas and areas to the north.In the Beginning of March in 1513, Ponce de Leon sailed to the Bahamas and headed toward Florida. He was seeking a spiritual spiritual rebirth in the Fountain of Youth. March 27, 1513, Easter Sunday, his crew sighted land. Six days later he reached the Florida coast and kept sailing northerly to land near St. Augustine. He named the place "Pescua Florida", "the place of flowers, in honor of Easter Sunday and all the beautiful flowers that bloomed in spring. On their return voyage he met up with the Indians of Jupiter Inlet and took note of the important features on the East Coast.Florida Conquistadors essays research papers The New WorldA land where people could prosper. A land with plenty of opportunity for quick advancement in the Spanish military and diplomatic careers.     Coming to the end of the fifteenth century there were thousands of daring men and women who would be crossing the ocean to conquer just within a few centuries what had taken the Indians thousands to years to inhabit The discovery of Gold in Mexico and Peru caused many Spanish men to join the army Leading a successful colonial mission could get them the funds to build a castle instead of the younger sons of the nobility inheriting a small part of the family estate. There were also those who came for spiritual reasons. More than just priests and church leaders, the eternal blessing of God would be earned by turning the Americas into Catholic lands.     Through 1516 and 1561 Florida had been explored by many Spaniards. Two Including Ponce De Leon and Panfilo De NavareazJuan Ponce De LeonKnown as the original discoverer of Florida. He was the grandson of a famous war hero. Trained as a soldier and a public servant. Joining Columbus second voyage with his family they went to retire in the Dominican Republic. Columbus had been made military governor for life, but with his death someone new had to be appointed, Spanish authorities refused to grant it to his son Diego. The Crown had Ponce de Leon of course chosen . His first task was to colonize Puerto Rico it was accomplished with a few men and a greyhound that scared the natives.Diego Columbus was unhappy and decided to take his claim to the courts in Madrid. He was given his rights. Then becoming military governor, Ponce De Leon was removed from office. He felt his name was damaged and refused to serve Diego. He then was given title to explore the Upper Bahamas and areas to the north.In the Beginning of March in 1513, Ponce de Leon sailed to the Bahamas and headed toward Florida. He was seeking a spiritual rebirth in the Fountain of Youth. March 27, 1513, Easter Sunday, his crew sighted land. Six days later he reached the Florida coast and kept sailing northward to land near St. Augustine. He named the place "Pescua Florida", "the place of flowers, in honor of Easter Sunday and all the beautiful flowers that bloomed in spring. On their return voyage he met up with the Indians of Jupiter Inlet and took note of the important fea tures on the East Coast.

Free Descriptive Essays - Carnival Rides :: Descriptive Essay, Descriptive Writing

Carnival Rides I have always been fascinated by carnival rides. It amazes me that average, ordinary wad eagerly trade in the serenity of the ground for the chance to be tossed through the air like vegetables in a food processor. It amazes me that at around time in history someone thought that people would enjoy this, and that person invented what must have been the first of these terrifying machines. For me, it is precisely the thrill and rapture of having survived the ride that keeps me coming back for more. My first experience with a carnival ride was a Ferris wheel at a local fair. Looking at that looming monstrosity spinning the life out of its sardine-caged occupants, I was dumbstruck. It was huge, smoky, noisy and not a little intimidating. Ever since that initial impression became fossilized in my visual sense many years ago, these rides have reminded me of mythical beasts, amazing dinosaurs carrying off their screaming passengers like sacrificial virgins. Ev en the droning sound of their engines brings to mind the great exclaim of a fire-breathing dragon with smoke spewing from its exhaust-pipe nostrils. The first ride on one of these fantastic beasts gave me an instant rush of adrenaline. As the death-defying ride started, a lump in my throat pulsed like a dislodged heart ready to walk the plank. As the ride gained speed, the resistance to gravity built up against my body until I was inefficient to move. An almost imperceptible pause as the wheel reached the top of its climb allowed my body to relax in a brief state of normalcy. Then in that location was an assault of stomach-turning weightlessness as the machine continued its rotation and I descended back toward the earth. A cymbal-like crash vibrated through the air as the wheel reached bottom, and very much to my surprise I began to rise again. Each new rotation gave me more confidence in the churning machine. Every ascent left me elated that I had survived the prev ious death-defying fall. When another nerve-wracking climb failed to follow the last exhilarating descent and the ride was over, I knew I was hooked.

The Formal Analysis of Liberty Leading the People by Eugene Delacroix E

The Formal Analysis of Liberty Leading the People by Eugene DelacroixFerdinand succeeder Eugene Delacroix was born on April 26, 1798. Delacroix was the son of Charles Delacroix and Victoire Oeben. His father served for a short period of time as a minister of foreign affairs. At the time of Delacroixs birth his father was on a mission to Holland as ambassador of the French Republic. Delacroixs start was a descended of artisans and craftsmen. His parents both died early. His father died in 1805 and his mother in 1814. After his mothers death he was left in the care of his older sister, Henriette de Verninac.When Delacroix was at the age of seventeen, in 1815, he began to take painting lessons from capital of South Dakota Guerin. While there he met Theodore Gericault, a romantic painter, and became heavily influenced by him and his work.Delacroixs first painting, The Barque of Dante, was accepted by the Paris Salon in 1822 that marked the beginning of his artistic career. He was a French painter whose work influence extended to the impressionists and exemplified 19th century romanticism. He remained the dominant French romantic painter throughout his life. Delacroixs use of colors influenced both neo-impressionist and impressionist painters. Delacroix created more than 850 paintings, drawings, murals and other works in his career.Delacroixs most powerful work and most romantic is Liberty Leading the People. It was also called le 28 Juillet and La Liberte conduissant le people aux barricades. The French Revolution, 1830, inspired the last of his paintings to be called Romantic. Delacroixs technique was using applied contrasting colors, creating a vibrant effect with small brush strokes. The impressionists were greatly influenced by this. This painting showed the division among the romantic style and the neoclassical style. Romantic style emphasized spirit and color detachment and line. This painting is responses to the July 1830 revolution against C harles X who is the King of France.According to the hold up Painting in the Lourve romanticisms is a movement that arose in the early nineteenth century in art, literature, and music. Romantic painting was characterized by emotionalism and fascination with the exotic. It reached its breaker point about 1830 in France, England and Germany. Some principles of Romanticism are that the emphasis is on fe... ...iolent animal and human combat. They filled up his mind. Over time his style had get going purified and refined. His brush strokes were bolder, more confident and vigorous. His colors were cleaner and brighter now. His compositions are more direct and simpler.Delacroix died in Paris on August 13, 1863. Since his death his apartment has been changed into a museum. The museum gives future generations insight into his work and his life.Reference to Internet Sites http//sunsite.dk/cgfa/delacroi/delacroix_bio.htm http//encarta.msn.com http//www.nga.gov/cgi-bin/pbio?7900http// painting.about.com/library/bidelacroix.htm?once=true& http//www.discoverfrance.net/France/Art/Delacroix/Delacroix.shtml Reference to BooksHenry M. Sayre, A World Of Art (New island of JerseyPrentice-Hall,Inc 2000), p477 Tom Priddeaux, The World of Delacroix (New YorkTime Inc 1966), p101-104,174-177 Walter Friedlaender, David to Delacroix (Massachusetts Harvard University (Press), p113-114Barthelemy Jobert, Delacroix (New JerseyPrinceton University Press),p128-133Lawrence Gowing, Paintings in the Louvre (New YorkStewart, Tabori & Chang, Inc. 1987), p672

Theseus vs. Oberon in A Midsummer Nights Dream :: A Midsummer Nights Dream

During the course of Shakespeare?s A Midsummer Night?s Dream, the rise of two leaders emerge. Theseus, the leader of Athens and of ?reality?, and Oberon, the leader of the fairies and of ?dreams?. Shakespeare makes it evident that these leaders are two of a completely different nature. As the play progresses it?s clear that Oberon is the better leader of the two. When dealt with the pressures of being a leader of people, the most essential aspect of this duty is communication. In the play, usually through with(p) by speeches, each leader targets a different are of human physiology. In the line, ?I know a bank where the wild thyme blows, Where oxlips and the nodding royal grows Quite overcanopied with luscious woodbine, With sweet musk roses, and with eglantine. There sleeps Titania sometime of the night, Lulled in these flowers with dances and delight. And there the snake throws her enameled skin, Weed wide enough to wrap a puff in. And with the juice of this Ill streak her eyes , And make her full of hateful fantasies,? (ActII, Sc2. 259-267)Oberon stresses the use of emotion to understand what he is saying. On the other hand, Theseus accentuates the use of logic, best portrayed in this line, ?I never may believe these antique fables, nor these fairy toys...?(ActV, Sc1. 4-5)Another necessary trait of a good leader is courage, in which Theseus has little of. Theseus possesses an ?if-then? complex. Oberon on the other hand reacts without consideration of consequence. This may seem like a weakness to most people, but in the heat of the moment there is no time for decision making but a good leader must act acutely.

Essay Comparing the Concept of God in Beowulf and Other Anglo-Saxon Poems :: comparison compare contrast essays

The Concept of God in Beowulf and Other Anglo-Saxon Poems Is the concept of God mentioned precisely in Beowulf or is it a common element in all Anglo-Saxon poetry? Is the concept of God described the same way as in Beowulf? Beowulf presents a mixture of Christian and pagan elements Hrothgar is demonstrably a mo nonheist, bu this people were offering sacrifice to pagan gods when Grendel caused them to despair. Lets try to straighten out the concept of God in this poem. In the early lines of this classic we see what is meant by GOD and by GOODNESS, as embodied or exemplified by the king, in this case by King Scyld Scefing he grew under heaven, prospered in honors until every last one of the bordering nations beyond the whale-road had to heed him, pay him tribute. He was a reasoned king A son was born him, a glorious heir, young in the courtyards, whom God had sent to comfort his people, -well had He seen the sinful distress they suffered earlier, leaderless for long. then the Life-lord, the Ruler of glory, granted earthly honor Beow was famed (8ff) So goodness in a king is the possession of such strength that other nations caution you. And God is the all-powerful One who grants this earthly honor that Scyld, Beow, Healfdene and Hrothgar shared in. So God the Author of strength is their concept of God as the poem opens. This subject continues Then Hrothgar was given victory in battle (64). Who was the giver? God, of course. From Heorot Hrothgar would he would share out among young and old all God had given him, move out common land and the lives of men (71ff) Heorot gave joy to the people with its scop narrating how the Almighty had made the earth, the life He created, in each of the species, until a certain one began to do evil, an enemy from Hell, a descendant of Cain. So Gods antithesis is in Grendel and his mother and their home in the darkness. Ater killing more than 60 Dane warriors, Grendel grieved not at al l for his wicked deeds was too deep in sin many awful sins against mankind, the solitary fiend often committed he knew not His love.

Essay Comparing the Concept of God in Beowulf and Other Anglo-Saxon Poems :: comparison compare contrast essays

The Concept of God in Beowulf and Other Anglo-Saxon Poems Is the concept of God mentioned only in Beowulf or is it a habitual element in all Anglo-Saxon poetry? Is the concept of God described the same way as in Beowulf? Beowulf presents a mixture of Christian and pagan elements Hrothgar is demonstrably a monotheist, bu this people were offering sacrifice to pagan gods when Grendel caused them to despair. Lets try to clarify the concept of God in this poem. In the early lines of this classic we see what is meant by GOD and by GOODNESS, as embodied or exemplified by the king, in this case by King Scyld Scefing he grew under heaven, prospered in mentions until every last one of the bordering nations beyond the whale-road had to heed him, pay him tribute. He was a good king A son was born(p) him, a glorious heir, young in the courtyards, whom God had sent to comfort his people, -well had He seen the sinful distress they suffered earlier, leaderless for long. The refore the Life-lord, the Ruler of glory, granted terrene honor Beow was famed (8ff) So goodness in a king is the possession of such strength that other nations fear you. And God is the all-powerful One who grants this earthly honor that Scyld, Beow, Healfdene and Hrothgar shared in. So God the Author of strength is their concept of God as the poem opens. This idea continues Then Hrothgar was given victory in battle (64). Who was the giver? God, of course. From Heorot Hrothgar would he would share out among young and old all God had given him, except common land and the lives of men (71ff) Heorot gave gladden to the people with its scop narrating how the Almighty had made the earth, the life He created, in each of the species, until a certain one began to do evil, an enemy from Hell, a descendant of Cain. So Gods antithesis is in Grendel and his mother and their home in the darkness. Ater killing more than 60 Dane warriors, Grendel grieved not at all for his w icked deeds was overly deep in sin many awful sins against mankind, the solitary fiend often committed he knew not His love.

A Passage to India – Analysis

The apologue and film A Passage to India written by Forster and enjoin by Lean is about the Society of British populate in India. Mrs. Moore and Adela Quested arrived in C deliberaterapore, India because Mrs. Moores son Ronny and Adela atomic number 18 recently engaged. However, when they arrived they sensed, and were quickly trapped in, a prejudiced British community which misuses the natives of India and abuses them passim the whole novel and film. A Passage to India. The film is directed by Lean presents and emphasis meaning throughout the film.An example of presenting meaning is when it is the place setting when you impinge on Mrs. Moore standing up for God bear on the Queen and you see her directing her view slowly towards the Ganges. Lean uses the scan to turn down the music, presumably at the eon that Mrs. Moores attention is transferred to the magnificence of the river. As time goes by when she is viewing the Ganges, you hear God save the Queens volume dimming, this represents silence when is just looking, during this time she is just reflecting on things which have recently happened which she thinks is wrong.Lean at times presents the moon, the night cast aside and the expanses of the Ganges. Few examples of where Mrs. Moore is shown with the moon, night sky and the expanses of the Ganges, the first example is when you see Mrs. Moore entering the Moslim mosque which Dr. Aziz was there reflecting and Mrs. Moore for the first time looks out to the Ganges with the night sky so close. An an some other scene is when Mrs. Moore and Adela atomic number 18 on the train and eon the train is crossing the bridge the night sky and expanses of the Ganges are shown. Another scene is when Mrs.Moore is on the ship leaving Chandrapore and she is seen by the deck reflecting on the recent things, the night sky is shown and the expanses, She finally dies after suffering from her heart condition. Lean presents a scene at the club when they were playing English songs such as, God save the Queen, Tea for two and more. From this we can say that Lean presents the Indians as serving, There is no real meaning because all that they are doing is taking time away from their own lives to perform what they dont really understand.They are merely used to imprint the British culture is rendered with look pride and enthusiasm. Lean shows Mrs. Moore and Godbole as characters who technically do not talk with each other but they do recognize and appreciates each others time. A smashing example of a scene where Godbole and Mrs. Moore are communicating without words spoken is the scene where Mrs. Moore is on the train and leaving Chandrapore, Godbole walks out of his temple and does a hand sign in the rear darkness. Mrs. Moore responds in a wave that seems to deepen the silence to meaning.A Passage to India AnalysisThe novel and film A Passage to India written by Forster and directed by Lean is about the Society of British people in India. Mrs. Moore an d Adela Quested arrived in Chandrapore, India because Mrs. Moores son Ronny and Adela are recently engaged. However, when they arrived they sensed, and were quickly trapped in, a prejudiced British community which misuses the natives of India and abuses them throughout the whole novel and film. A Passage to India. The film is directed by Lean presents and emphasis meaning throughout the film.An example of presenting meaning is when it is the scene when you see Mrs. Moore standing up for God save the Queen and you see her directing her view slowly towards the Ganges. Lean uses the glance to turn down the music, presumably at the time that Mrs. Moores attention is transferred to the magnificence of the river. As time goes by when she is viewing the Ganges, you hear God save the Queens volume dimming, this represents silence when is just looking, during this time she is just reflecting on things which have recently happened which she thinks is wrong.Lean at times presents the moon, the night sky and the expanses of the Ganges. Few examples of where Mrs. Moore is shown with the moon, night sky and the expanses of the Ganges, the first example is when you see Mrs. Moore entering the Moslim mosque which Dr. Aziz was there reflecting and Mrs. Moore for the first time looks out to the Ganges with the night sky so close. An another scene is when Mrs. Moore and Adela are on the train and while the train is crossing the bridge the night sky and expanses of the Ganges are shown. Another scene is when Mrs.Moore is on the ship leaving Chandrapore and she is seen by the deck reflecting on the recent things, the night sky is shown and the expanses, She finally dies after suffering from her heart condition. Lean presents a scene at the club when they were playing English songs such as, God save the Queen, Tea for two and more. From this we can say that Lean presents the Indians as serving, There is no real meaning because all that they are doing is taking time away from their own lives to perform what they dont really understand.They are merely used to imprint the British culture is rendered with seeming pride and enthusiasm. Lean shows Mrs. Moore and Godbole as characters who technically do not talk with each other but they do recognize and appreciates each others time. A good example of a scene where Godbole and Mrs. Moore are communicating without words spoken is the scene where Mrs. Moore is on the train and leaving Chandrapore, Godbole walks out of his temple and does a hand sign in the rear darkness. Mrs. Moore responds in a wave that seems to deepen the silence to meaning.

Career and Life Development in Erin Brockovich

The movie Erin Brockovich (2000) is a perfect illustration of the life-long and continuous schooling of every respective(prenominal) and the surprising ability with which a woman confronted by social and familial constraints is able to build her agency to be relevant to society.The film, direct by Steven Soderbergh, stars Julia Roberts in the lead role as Erin Brockovich and was based on the real life story of Erin Brockovich and her leadership in the Hinkley towns deal against the water polluting activities of the energy giant Pacific Gas and Electric Company (PG & E).More importantly, the film reveals the tremendous capacity of human beings to rise above their individual and in-person hardships and dog causes that often seem impossible or even unattainable.At first, Brockovichs narrative is angiotensin converting enzyme that seems to be predetermined. Twice divorced and left to fend for her self and three young children, Erin appears to be in a disparate situation as her car eer prospects are constrained by single motherhood and unemployment.Things go even worse when she figures in a car accident and her attorney, Edward Masry, fails to land her a settlement for a personal injury suit. Thus, Erin is portrayed to be a victim of unfortunate events beyond her control and which have often left her helpless to change the course of her life.Erins identity is therefore established as a single mother and a woman whose experiences of failed marriage, unemployment, and unfortunate accident define the unconventional ways with which she copes with her difficulties.On the other hand, it is these clearly through these experiences that Erins individual capacities are honed and strengthened, reflecting Erikson & Eriksons (1996) belief that encounters with periodic crises enable individuals to build up their resources for resolving problems. In Erins case, the absence of prospects forced her to ask for assistance from her lawyer by hiring her at his law firm.This actio n would later prove to be both an opportunity and a challenge for her and a turning point in her career as she stumbles upon intriguing medical records of the Pacific Gas and Electric Company (PG & E) placed in the real estate files.Her later decision to refer investigating the connection between real estate and the energy giants medical records and to be involved in the prosecution of the PG & E afterward she discovers that it has been dumping toxic waste that threatens the water supply and health of the town of Hinkley represent a major shift in Erins narrative and in turn, her identity, from the disparate single mother to an individual concerned with social and ethical issues.Thus, Erins involvement with the case represents another important development in her life, one that could possibly result in gains or in losses for herself and the community she chose to be identified with. (Baltes, 1987 Elder, 1998)In retrospect, Erins unlikely triumph over an influential and besotted a dversary is the outcome of her individual persistence and strong sense of ethics and responsibility as well as the availability of social support that enables her to pursue her own development despite the painful reality of previous failures and frustrations and the presence of constraints.It is in this aspect that Erins story resonates with the lived realities and experiences of its audience, especially in terms of fulfilling their subscribe to for development and coming to terms with changes in career, relationships, and life in its entirety, as it shows that learning and human development does not stop with divorce, single motherhood, or failure. On the other hand, they represent new opportunities and challenges with which individuals can draw meaningful lessons to grow from.Works CitedBaltes, P. G. (1987) Theoretical Propositions of Life-Span Developmental Psychology. Developmental Psychology, 23 611-626.Elder, G. H. (1998) The Life Course and Human Development, enchiridion of Child Psychology, William Damon (Ed), 5th Ed. New York Wiley, Volume I, 939-991.Erikson, Erik & Erikson, Joan (1996) The Life Cycle Completed. New York W.W. Norton.Soderbergh, S. (2000). Erin Brockovich. United States.

How non English Native Speaker Translate Slang Texting into Regular English

CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTIONThe subject of this watch is frivol away and how the theatrical role of draw shtup be transferred from a etymon text in unrivaled quarrel to a target text in an early(a) diction. I have chosen this subject because bring in is something in a conversation or similar communicatory situation that most people easily recognize as soon as it is uttered, exclusively explaining and defining what slang is and how it functions is an entirely different matter.Consequently, it is interesting to research the use of slang in order to de terminal figureine if there be any difficulties in transferring slang from virtuoso talking to to other. Slang seems to have suffered social stigma among linguists and lexicographers because it has frequently been associated with overtly impertinent behavior (Adams 2009 32). How invariably, as it turns out, little research has been conducted into the actual use of slang. In fact, finding sources to explain the function of slang is very difficult.Researching terminology that is attributed to being slang, showed me that slang is more than just words to show impertinent behavior and that there be many social aspects embedded in slang, which in this thesis will be referred to as the use of slang. This study seeks to find out what slang is, how it is utilise, who uses it and wherefore it is utilize. The embedded social effect and function of using slang will be researched and discussed in order to show why slang deviates from measurement language and why it is use.I have chosen to look at how slang works within a given last (the USA) because in Denmark, callable to an excessive image to Ameri back tooth television, films and music, we are heavily subjected to American- English language media which may give us a greater consciousness of the English language. From a supplanting studies headway of view, slang is interesting because of its con nonations in its source culture.Slang seems to be connected t o the culture in which it is created, so how are slang words and expressions transferred into a nonher language and culture and does the transfer affect the possibility to maintain the use of slang in the edition? In the world of translation studies, research into the translation of slang seems slimly limited. The reason may be that slang is largely considered a colloquial phenomenon which reduces the genres of communicating in which it can appear. More specifically, slang is most likely to be translated in connection with slang style of teenagers, in the form of texting.CHAPTER II. THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONA. Theory of TranslationThe acknowledgement of translation theory as a scientific specify is usually attributed to J. S. Holmes. In his statement on the Symposium of Applied Linguistics (Copenhagen, 1972), he insisted on the establishment of translation theory as an independent field of research. The framework of this new scientific discipline was hard to determine because of its complex requirements and because it uses materials and results from many other linguistic disciplines.So, whoever wants to deal with the theory and poetics of translation should pay attention to the circumscribed requirements of similar disciplines and should be able to include their work in this new discipline. Because of all this, translation theory was considered an activity of secondary importance that relies on other peoples thoughts and knowledge. The result of this was a diminishment of the value of research in this area.However, after years of undeserved treatment, the study of translation theory is gaining the place it should have had from the start. As an target of scientific research, the translation process attracts the attention of many scientific disciplines and methods, oddly contrastive analysis. This kind of analysis can be successfully applied in monitoring structures and idioms of one language and comparing them to their semantic counterparts in a nonher langu age.In this process we can also determine whether one particular phrase exists in only one language, or it is a common expression in several languages. In the final results of this study we can determine most chief(prenominal) general and specific language dissimilaritys. As a systematic scientific prelude, with specific methods and goals, contrastive analysis was conceived in the United States in 1930s, but it gained an valuable place in language science 40 years later. Of course, general linguistics with its theory and methodology supported this action.It is reasonable to assume that those who deal with translation as a science want linguistics to provide a practical contribution to translation, and to offer an improvement of practical use for those who learn opposed languages. Internal connections in the midst of linguistics and translation are quite obvious and convincingly confirmed by the generated models presented by generative grammar. However, although contrastive ana lysis has unexpended important traces in the study of language, so far it hasnt shown many important results in social and cultural fields or practical solutions for the turn a profit of communication.According to contrastive analysis, the written text has a permanent structure, it requires focusing only from the standpoint of etymology and semantics, so it does not allow observation of life situations or events that die in the language under the influence of the social and cultural environment. If we accept the terms mentioned above according to their legitimate etymological nitty-gritty, it is clear that they define translation as the decision to say something to someone somewhere over, where people speak a different language and the message can not be understood without translation, transmission or inversion.To make it simple, translation represents transferring messages from one language to another. Translators often try to highlight the direct connection between translatio n and language. skipper translators usually insist on translating the semantic components of the text, but sometimes theres a need for literal translation. Some often criticize the language structures that can be found in under-educated translators work. Although professional translators insist on the connection between translation and various fields of modern science, their theories can not offer enough evidence on the true importance of translation.Traditional scientific practice gives the activity of translation a secondary role and leaves it in the tush of the importance of scientific research. When it comes to the translation process, we can say that a translator transfers reading between the two languages. In fact, a translator transfers the contents of the text written in one language also known as source language into the expressions in the second language also called the target language. This casing of translation is called inter-language.Given the relationship betwe en source language and target language, there can bealso intra-language and inter-semiotic translation. Inter-language translation is a process in which the linguistic material from one language is transferred using material from some other language. Intra-language translation is the name for replacing one form of language material with another form of that same language. Inter-semiotic translation can be defined as the conversion of characters from the language system structure to another system of signs (for example, converting affair regulations to traffic symbols).In this case, Translations status as a mental activity of secondary importance is caused by the thought that in the transfer between two languages, translators are laborious to shape other peoples thoughts, not their own. As a form of mental activity, translation represents the transformation of thoughts, feelings or desires, originally designed in one language, into the same kind of thought, feeling or desire in ano ther language.B. Theory of CommunicationThe network is expected to process messages regardless of their contents. The perspective of the communication network therefore is different from that of the communicators. Only by operating at a abutting, that is, receiving interface, can the substance of the message be reconstructed and provided processed. This next interface may be a (human) receiver or another differentiation of the network. As the differentiation changes, the message is expected to have another situational mean (Granovetter 1985).The substance of communication can only be reconstructed if the communication systems are sufficiently complex for packaging the original signal. The original substance of the message, however, system an premiss at the receiving end and decoding is base on theoretical assumptions. Although this may in practice be taken for granted, all sense of an original communality is recognizable as based on a specific coding, for example, in terms of basic affections. At the train of the social system, the communication of information not only transmits, but also translates and potentially transforms the expected information content.The full formalization of the substance of communication in terms of messages expected to contain information was accomplished by Shannons (1948) mathematical theory of communication. From this perspective, information is content-free and equated with uncertainty it is formalized in terms of binary digits or bits. When the uncertainty is drop, the system is assumed to be dead in a formal sense. A system can only process information, that is, communicate, as long as the expected information is not complete but contained within a communication. A communication system communicates with other communication systems.The latter(prenominal) provide contexts insofar as they communicate, that is, insofar as these systems are neither completely certain (fixed) nor completely uncertain (dead). Thus, a model of co-variation and remaining variation in otherwise irrelevant dimensions can be formalized (Leydesdorff 1994). By differentiating the systems suppress the co-variation and track down to become nearly decomposable (Simon 1973). Whereas the covariation between two systems (A and B) is mutually determined, the remaining variation provides a structure over time in the one system (A) that is a latent condition for the coevolving system (B).From the perspective of the latter system (B), the structure (in A) can also be considered as redundancy or failing information. Therefore, structure is latent from this perspective. The covariations provide windows at which the systems share information mutually. The remaining variations are based on the recursive code of the communication over time and remain internal to each of the co-evolving systems. In the case of a dually layered communication mediocre like human language (see above), the same communication can be nearly decomposable in one dimension part firmly cerebrate in another.For example, we may agree despite a deep misunderstanding in terms of the information exchange, while one is also able to take issue about a given meaning when one fully agrees about the underlying exchange. Thus, a two-dimensional communication medium allows for differentiation and integration at the same time. The operation has become complex in itself. With increasing differentiation the system has to improve on its internal operation of integration because of the risk of otherwise falling apart from an excess of differentiation.Keeping this balance under the pressure of increasing uncertainty can be considered as the driving force for developing communicative competences in a communication system. The communicative competences are expected to be differentiated in the case of inter-human communication. Whereas the substance of social communication (i) is packaged, the communicative competencies tend also to become formalized. The soci al network system, however, remains structurally joined to human agency in the substantive dimension.As long as one maintains Luhmanns assumption that human agency has to be the substantive carrier of the reflexive translation at the node, the social system cannot be completely virtual. One has to abandon the complete idealization in the historical case since observable reproduction has to be realized as one of the subdynamics of otherwise virtual networks. In this respect, sociology is different from the study of artificial systems. The historical instantiations contain the fingerprints of the social systems reproduction.Institutional dynamics exhibit codifications of communication that have been useful hitherto to the extent that they have been institutionalized. These real life phenomena are part of the social system as are we ourselves, that is, as subdynamics which can be invoked. In other words human agency is structurally coupled to the social system, but only along one of t he two dimensions of inter-human communication at each time. The other dimension is the way our communication is processed as a message. Along this dimension, the expectation is that we are only operationally coupled, since operational coupling allows for differentiation.The social system operates in terms of expectations (that is, uncertainties) and expectations concerning expectations (that is, meaningful driveions). This differentiation in the communication provides parallel channels in the medium that the network system has available for propelling the communication. Language supports this dual-layeredness in the communication by providing a convey of codification of the relation between the message and the information. The interactions among the two layers provide the system with variation that can recursively be selected as meaningful.For example, one is able to play with the meanings and the functions of communications. Furthermoe, one is sometimes able to control some of t he selections by improving ones own communicative competences. Although each of us is able to select individually by providing meaning to some information and not to other, the reflections are socially distributed and hence they contain also an update value for the network behind the backs of the participants involved. In each communication, one degree of freedom may be hidden hyperreflexively or it can be made available to the communication, that is, infrareflexively.When the socially distributed reflections can be communicated, they are provided with situational meaning. The latter interaction is expected to interact with the not-yet communicated layer of reflections, and by generating this new variation the system propels itself. On the side of the human agency involved, this configuration provides us with opportunities for grammatical construction niches within the system or, in Habermas terminology, with options for improving the quality of life, for example, by fine-tuning co mmunicative competencies to the exigencies of the communicated culture.C. Theory of Slang LanguageThe definition of slang can be found in literature researching slang. Unlike dictionaries, whose main focus is to provide the general outline of a lexical item, but cannot elaborate on too many aspects due to a restriction on the space available, the specialized literature presented in this paragraph presents more in-depth research on slang and has a different approach to how to define slang.In her book Slang & Sociability in which she researches the use of slang among college students in the USA, English professor Connie Eble presents her own definition of slang Slang is an ever ever-changing set of colloquial words and phrases that speakers use to establish or reinforce social identity or cohesiveness in society at large (Eble 1996 11). Ebles definition differs significantly from the definitions presented in the dictionaries. While she agrees that slang is colloquial, Ebles definition highlights the social aspects of slang which the dictionaries either ignore or do not find relevant to explain.According to Eble, slang thus seems to serve a purpose which is the establishment of social identity for the speaker and the people with whom they are interacting. Michael Adams agrees and says that slang serves to fill the following purposes to secernate members of a group, to change the level of discourse in the direction of escapedity, and to oppose established authority (Adams 2009 16). Adams and Eble definitions show that slang is not just a set of words/phrases used by particular groups, but that it is something that are used by people to establish groups.The difference between these two notions is that slang can be used by anyone with the aim of wanting to establish group identity and to oppose established authority. Eble mentions Dumas and Lighter who proposes tetrad identifying criteria for slang (Dumas & Lighter 1978 14-16 in Eble 1996 11-12) 1. Its presence w ill markedly lower, at least for the moment, the dignity of formal or serious speech or writing. 2. Its use implies the users familiarity either with the referent or with that less statusful or less responsible class of people who have such familiarity and use the term.3. It is a tabooed term in ordinary discourse with persons of higher social status or greater responsibility. 4. It is used in place of the well-known conventional synonym, especially in order (a) to protect the user from the discomfort caused by the conventional item or (b) to protect the user from the discomfort or annoyance of further elaboration. Dumas & Lighter say that when something fits at least two of the criteria, a linguistically sensitive audience will react to it in a certain way.This way, which cannot be measured, is the ultimate identifying characteristic of true slang. This shows that the use of slang is a negotiation between the speaker and the listener, because the speaker wants to convey something w ith the use of slang which the listener essential acknowledge. Adams acknowledges this and says that it is not a word itself that makes something slang, but rather the extrinsic feature of its use adapted by speakers to very precise human social and aesthetical needs and aspirations (Adams 2009 48).Thus, the four criteria show that slang goes far beyond just being a lexical item. Moreover, all four criteria seem to focus on the social implications of using slang and the consciousness of shared knowledge between speaker and other participants. Dumas & Lighter imply that slang is used to change the level of formality from formal and serious speech towards informality, which also was what was suggested in the dictionary definitions and by Adams and Eble The objective of using sets of slang words and expressions is to achieve something on a social level.The speaker uses slang in order to achieve social dynamics with the people to whom he/she is speaking and slang outlines social space , and attitudes towards slang helps identify and construct social groups and identity. (Adams 200957). This instrument that when you use slang, you expose yourself, your ideas and your attitude as to how you want to perceive the people with whom you are interacting, and how you want these people to perceive you, while you rely on the people with whom you are speaking to be able to infer what you mean.From this follows that slang is not a language as such as implied in some of the dictionarydefinitions mentioned in the previous paragraph, but rather a set of words and expressions in a given language used to create group dynamics, because slang is used within a given language to establish a difference between standard language and slang. The difference is not so much in the words themselves, but in the intended effect of using the words. The switch from standard language to slang implies informal settings and helps determining group dynamics. In the words of Eble, people use slang wh en they want to be creative, clear 2 A form of e. g. English which does not include evident non-standard usage of the language (Hamaida 2007 3).Translating the use of slang A study of microstrategies in subtitling with a view to researching the transfer of the use of slang from source text to target text with I Love You, Man as empirical example, including a study of the function of slang and acceptable to a select group (Eble 1998 19). In addition, slang is ephemeral. Slang changes constantly and it is the constant notion of what to use and what not to use that creates group identity. Eble says that sharing and maintaining a constantly changing in-group vocabulary aids group solidarity and serves to include and exclude members (Eble 1998 119).The members are those who understand not only the word said by a slang user, but also know what the intention of using the word is. In this way, slang operates like fashion You always need to keep up with the latest trends and if you do not, you are not as fashionable as other slang users are, and you must know how to respond to slang and to show whether you are in-crowd or out-crowd (Ibid 121). What lifelessness needs to be explained is what makes a given word appear slang to listeners.As we saw above, Lighter and Dumas suggested that a slang term is taboo when used approximately people that do not belong to your group and that slang is a synonym to a conventional word in the standard language used to avoid having to protect the user of the word from discomfort from having to elaborate on the word or to use the real word. This tells us that slang has an effect on both speaker and listener, and that slang is not applicable in all settings. Adams mentions that slang is casual, racy, vivid, irreverent, and playful elements that rebels against the standard (whether mildy, wildly or in between) (Adams 2009 9).The attributes suggested by Adams proposes that slang can be mild and casual in its appearance just as it can be r acy and irreverent. Essentially, Adams believes that slang is used to rebel against standard language, but that the reasons for doing so does not have to be to show bad behaviour or obvious irreverence. As we saw in the dictionary definitions above, slang seems to be listed as being not polite and offensive, but Adams believes that slang can just as well be playful and a intercommunicate way of rebelling against standard language to mark the difference between e.g. parents and children (in-crowd versus out-crowd), but the children do not necessarily have wicked intentions with the use of slang.Rather, slang is used to create a social line between children and parents/adults (Ibid 32). Of course, context comes into play when we think of slang. Adams mentions that slang is not slang until someone recognises it to be slang (Adams 2009 62). This means that listeners must be able to recognise the speakers intent to break with established linguistic convention and to determine that what they are hearing is slang.CHAPTER V. CONCLUSIONThe term of using slang texting commonly can be learning trough impose with someone aboard. From the research result, we could see that student A who is often having yack with someone abroad can translate the text source appropriately. While student B is unfamiliar with slang texting, it is because student B rarely having chat with someone abroad. Knowing slang language is good for people who want to be an active English speaker. By mastering slang language, so we can take easily to communicate with the English native speaker.

Concept Essay on Love Essay

Love is a complex emotion of attachment and obsession. Love plenty non be classified so easily, though it cannot be stuffed into a social concept and left there. Love has many different meanings to many different people it can be tossed aside like a dirty rag, unimportant and forgotten, or cherished and cared for like a priceless gemstone. To me, love is a connection mingled with the hearts and minds of two people. It is a feeling of trust and wholeness a feeling that in the other persons eyes, you can do no wrong.To explain the process of falling in love, I will use a hypothetical couple and analyze their race as it progresses. It captures with a spark. 2 people meet and they knead a connection which at this stage will be considered friendship. This connection may mature and expand through usual interests such as admiring the same music or desiring the same expensive car. As time passes and these two people get to know each other, they begin to embrace each other for who the y are inside, accepting each others flaws and overcoming obstacles together.The trust that these actions foster will be the couples boastfully Bang. The two friends, dazzled by the magnificence emanating from each others heart, will decide to take their human relationship further they will become outgo friends. When the future couple has reached the best friend stage one of the two may seek to engender his or her affection. This person will begin to make the burning, blinding love they are experiencing known how the recipient reacts will determine the fate of this relationship.If there is true chemistry between these two, they will throw arrive at the title of best friends and don the silk robe of romantic partners. At this point in the relationship, love, which has been smoldering inside each person like white-hot coal, becomes a true inferno a firestorm for which there is no comparison. The couple is filled with blazing passion for each other and blind to all else. Our couple is in what is generallyacknowledged as the holiday stage they consider each other perfect in every way and believe that they will be happy forever. This is arguably the sweetest and purest part of the dating process there are no fights, no lies, just love. This fiery maelstrom of ecstasy and excitement does not last long, unfortunately, and this happy couple will soon enter the comfortable stage. The comfortable stage is the tipping point, the point where the nebula of the relationship can be doomed for happening or destined for a bright future.If the couple chooses to use this time to work on their relationship then the love they both enjoyed in the honeymoon stage may continue to burn, radiant in its beauty and purity. But, if the relationship is left by the wayside and problems are ignored or not resolved, the once-incandescent clump of devotion and fervor will begin to flicker, like a candle that has reached the end of its wick, foreshadowing the catastrophe of a break up. A dying relationship is akin to a dying star.What once hung bright and brilliant in the sky and lit up the night through a thousand pinpricks of get away now sags, burnt-out and spent in the daytime and leaves this couple in the cold and dark at night. These two lovers now realize that they were never meant to be together, and that it was foolish of them to allow themselves to be blinded by love. After more arguments, lies, and perhaps a bit of cheating, the already-spent star will sputter and go dark. The relationship that the couple thought would last forever has finally ended.Love requires constant upkeep. All the movies and books that exemplify easy relationships where everything simply falls into place and the two lovers never have to deal with any strife are lies. Love is not easy. Love is not simple. Love is hard. Love is complicated, but love is also rewarding. If handled justly and expertly, love can last an extremely long time. This can be seen in the elder couples that ca n claim to have been together for sixty confident(p) years.These couples were able to overcome their differences and have been rewarded in each other. Their love still burns with the intensity and passion of those who have just found this wonderful unusual person of affection. These veteran couples have found one of the absolute truths in life that we are incomplete. Our hearts, our stars, are built to require another. When and if that missing half is found, one may consider life to be at its best and resplendent in its wholeness the missing piece of our soul has been found.

Accounting Research Paper

Accounting Research opus Dr. Pepper Snapple separate vs. The coca locoweed troupe Amanda Herring Tarleton State University solving description I hereby certify that this paper constitutes my own product, that where the language of others is set forth, quotation marks so indicate, and that appropriate credit is given where I have used the language, ideas, expressions or writings of others. Amanda Herring ID 000078948Zip Code 76707 T subject of Contents Title Page1 Declaration Statement2 T able of Contents3Abstract4 Purpose & Objective5 Introduction6 Statement of Problem7 Financial Analysis8 overdress Analysis13 Decision16 Implementation & Monitoring17 Conclusion18 Bibliography19 Appendix21 Abstract This paper will discuss the fiscal differences between the Dr. Pepper Snapple pigeonholing and the coca booby alliance, dickens tope manufacturing companies. It will deal out into account all of the financial information for 2010 and 2011 for each lodge, as well as current t rends found for two of the companies.Financial statements for both companies will be included, as well as analysis of both companies financial government agencys. A decision will be made at the end to determine which association is crush suited to add to an investing portfolio and an explanation will be given as to why this company has been chosen. Purpose & Objective Dr. Pepper Snapple mathematical group and The coca plant Cola Company were chosen because of their sizes and product lines be comparatively similar. They are both drink manufacturers with a wide array of different drink products to a lower place their label.It is hoped that with this research, star of these companies has a better market position than the other so that it can be recommended to the reader as an addition to their investment portfolio. Introduction The founding is currently in a crisis like no other when it comes to the state of the global economy, as is the united States economy. There is ever a need to die the current situation of companies so that investors and company executives know what is going on with the financials and what side of leverage the company currently has, as well as what type of leverage they will have in the future.There is besides always a need to compare ones company to that of similar companies who are competitors in the sedulousness. The purpose of this paper is to compare and contrast Dr. Pepper Snapple Group and The coca plant Cola Company, both drink manufacturing companies, so that a decision can be made about which one to invest in. The Coca Cola Company (NYSE KO) is an the Statesn multinational beverage corporation and manufacturer, retailer and marketer of non-alcoholic beverage concentrates and syrups (Wikipedia. org) and was founded and headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia (Cooper, Ford, & Stephens, 2007). In 1886, pharmacist John Pemberton created the soft drink Coca-Cola by combining soda water, lime, cinnamon, coca leaves, and Brazil ian shrub weeds. The drink was originally sell in Atlanta in Jacobs Pharmacy for five cents a glass as a soda fountain drink (Cooper, Ford, & Stephens, 2007). Today Coca-Colas reach spreads far beyond Georgia and even the United States the company has become one of the worlds to the highest degree recognizable corporations and the Coca-Cola brand is one of the five most recognized symbols while the company has early 400 brands in over 200 countries (Cooper, Ford, & Stephens, 2007). The Dr. Pepper Snapple Group (NYSE DPS) is an American soft drink company, based in Plano, Texas that was spun off from Britains Cadbury Schweppes who in 2006 and 2007purchased the Dr Pepper/Seven Up Bottling Group (Wikipedia. org). They are the leading producer of flavored beverages in North America and the Caribbean with their success being fueled by more than 50 brands that are synonymous with refreshment, fun and flavor having 6 of the top 10 non-cola soft drinks, and 11 of 14 leading brands are No. in their flavor categories (investor. drpeppersnapple. com). Along with their flagship Dr Pepper and Snapple brands, their portfolio includes Sunkist soda, 7Up, A&W, Canada Dry, Crush, Motts, Squirt, Hawaiian Punch, Penafiel, Clamato, Schweppes, Roses and Mr & Mrs T mixers (investor. drpeppersnapple. com). Problem Statement The problem is deciding which of the two companies to invest funds in their hold. With so many different originations to choose from, there is a need to get the most out of investments these days.In order to come up with this decision, research is pertinent. Extensive research must be done by looking at both companies financial information in the form of statement analysis, ratio analysis, financial leverage, and comparative analysis, along with a SWOT analysis of both companies and comparing their strategies. The problem is having two very similar companies to choose from, and deciding which is going to be worth investing in the short and long term. Financial AnalysisCommon Size Income Statements & Horizontal and immense Analysis Table 1 Coca Cola Company Income Statement Analysis (dollars in millions except for per pct data) Year Ended Dec 31, 2011 good Analysis 2010 VerticalAnalysis 2009 % Change 11/10 % Change 10/09 Net Operating Revenues $46,542 100% $35,119 100% $30,990 33 13 represent of goods sell 18,216 39. 1 12,693 36. 1 11,088 44 14 Gross Profit 28,326 60. 9 22,426 63. 9 19,902 26 13 Gross Profit Margin 60. 9% 63. 9% 64. 2% Selling, general and administrative expenses 17,440 37. 5 13,158 37. 5 11,358 33 16 Other operating charges 732 1. 6 819 2. 3 313 Operating Income 10,154 21. 8 8,449 24. 1 8,231 20 3 Operating Margin 21. 8% 24. 1% 26. 6% Interest Income 483 1 317 0. 9 249 52 27 Interest Expense 417 0. 9 733 2. 1 355 (43) 106 right income (loss) winnings 690 1. 5 1,025 2. 9 781 (33) 31 Other income (loss) pull in 529 1. 1 5,185 14. 8 40 Income Before Income Taxes 11,439 24. 14,243 40. 6 8,946 (20) 59 Income taxes 2,805 6 2,384 6. 8 2,040 18 17 Effective tax rate 24. 5% 16. 7% 22. 8% Consolidated Net Income 8,634 18. 6 11,859 33. 8 6,906 (27) 72 Less Net income referable to non wangleling interest 62 0. 01 50 . 001 82 24 (39) Net Income Attributable to plowshareowners 8,572 18. 4 11,809 33. 6 (27) 73 Net Income per share Basic net income per share $3. 75 $5. 12 (27) 74 Diluted net income per share $3. 69 $5. 6 (27) 73 Retrieved from The Coca Cola Companys 2010 and 2011 10k Reports The Coca Cola Company has seen an increase in revenues since 2009, though they seem to have higher(prenominal) prices when it comes to selling, administrative, and general expenses during the 2011 accounting period. This seems to be the trend throughout the world, though, as the economic situation has become sour again and prices seem to be rising on all products and services. The cost of goods sold is also higher in the year that has the highest revenues, though this can be attrib uted to the economic situation once again.The problem with the cost of goods, selling, administrative, and general expenses being so high is that net income has turned out lower, for the 2011 year thus causing the per share income to be significantly lower than that of 2010. Table 2 Dr Pepper Snapple Group Income Statement Analysis (dollars in millions except for per share data) Year Ended Dec 31, 2011 VerticalAnalysis 2010 VerticalAnalysis 2009 % Change 11/10 % Change 10/09 Net Sales $5,903 100% $5,636 100% $5,531 5% 2% Cost of goods sold 2,485 42. 1 2,243 39. 8 2,234 10 0. 5 Gross Profit 3,418 57. 9 3,393 60. 3,297 1% 3 Gross Profit Margin 57. 9% 60. 2% Selling, general and administrative expenses 2,257 38. 3 2,233 39. 6 2,135 1. 1 4. 4 Depreciation and amortization 126 2. 1 127 2. 3 117 (0. 1) 8 Other operating charges 11 0. 2 8 0. 1 (40) 27 84 Operating Income 1,024 17. 3 1,025 18. 2 1,085 (0. 1) (6) Operating Margin 17. 3% 18. 2% Interest Expense 114 1. 9 128 2. 3 243 (12) (89) Interest Income (3) (0. 1) (3) (0. 1) (4) Loss on early extinguishment of debt - - 100 1. 8 - Other income (loss) net (12) (0. ) (21) (. 04) (22) Income Before Income Taxes & Equity 925 15. 7 821 14. 6 868 13 (5) Income taxes 320 5. 5 294 5. 3 315 8 (7) Income sooner Equity 605 10. 2 527 9. 4 553 13 (5) Equity in allowance of unconsolidated subsidiaries 1 - 1 - 2 Net Income 606 10. 3 528 9. 4 555 13 (5) Net Income per share Basic net income per share 2. 77 2. 19 2. 18 26 (. 01) Diluted net income per share 2. 74 2. 17 2. 17 26 (. 01) Retrieved from Dr Pepper Snapple Group 2010 and 2011 10k ReportsThe Dr Pepper Snapple Group definitely sees a significantly lower revenue standard than The Coca Cola Company, which can be seen as a bad thing because it actor their market share isnt near what Coca Cola Companys market share is. Even though these companies are in the same industry, it seems that Dr Pepper Snapple Group just isnt being able to keep up w ith the larger company that the Coca Cola Company is. Yes, Dr Pepper Snapple Group is also seeing the same added expenses in the cost of goods sold, selling, administrative, and general expenses, but most at the percentage rate that he Coca Cola Company is. This means that their net income and their per share net income has grown considerably from 2010 to 2011, but remained nearly the same the year before that. Comprehensive Financial Ratio Analysis Valuation Ratios DPS KO Industry Earnings per share 2. 79 3. 78 P/E Ratio 16. 37 21. 17 20. 9 P/E High NA NA 2. 6 P/E Low NA NA 0. 8 Price to Book 4. 27 5. 72 5. 51 Price to Sales 1. 63 3. 87 2. 93 Price to Cash come down 11. 3 16. 8 15. 4 Market Cap 9. 60B 180. 10B Dividends 1. 21 1. 88 Dividend Yield 2. 98 2. 55 Financial Ratios Current Ratio 0. 92 1. 05 1. 2 Quick Ratio 0. 7 1 0. 8 Leverage Ratio 3. 9 2. 6 2. 9 Book Value per share 10. 9 14. 34 13. 53 24. 3 17. 08 Total debt to asset 29. 17 35. 72 Lt debt to equity 99. 69 43. 17 Total debt to equity 119. 66 90. 31 108 Operating rhythmic pattern Return on avg assets 6. 67 11. 29 8. 9 Return on avg equity 25. 67 27. 37 25. 74 Return on investment 8. 13 15. 77 13. 7 Margins Net profit margin 10. 25 18. 55 14. 16Gross margin 57. 9 60. 86 55. 48 EBITD margin 20. 85 27. 06 Operating margin 17. 35 23. 06 Retrieved from www. google. com/finance & www. investing. money. msn. com The Coca Cola Company has a higher reelect on investment percentage than Dr Pepper Snapple Group, which means that Coca Cola Company is generating more wealth out of the investments they are making. Both companies revenues are growing, though it seems that Coca Cola Company is again victorious out in the growth category because they are growing at a larger percentage.Within the past two years Coca Cola Companys revenue growth has been 13% and then 33%, which seems to mean that even through economically tough times, Coca Cola Company is quiesce able to see larger revenue t han the year before. The Coca Cola Company is trading at approximately four times their price/earnings ratio, which shows that it is a salubrious company which shareholders expect the price to go up. Although Dr Pepper Snapple Group is trading for around three times their price/earnings ratio, shareholders also agree that they have a strong company.If you look at all of the analysis ratios, The Coca Cola Company is outperforming the industry in a event of different ratios. These include, but not limited to, the average return on equity, average return on assets, book value per share, the quick ratio, the leverage ratio, net profit margin, and gross margin, just to name a few. It seems that because of this, barring something unforeseen, The Coca Cola Company will remain the leader in their industry, and a good solid investment for any investor. If you are just looking at these ratios, The Coca Cola Company would definitely be the investment choice you would indigence to go with.Ho wever, there are other factors to be considered still. The Coca Cola Company 5 year Stock Valuation Chart Retrieved from www. thecoca-colcompany. com Dr Pepper Snapple Group 5 year Stock Valuation Chart Retrieved from www. nasdaq. com In analyzing the two stock charts above, both are showing results for the past five years, it seems that the trends in both stocks are about the same. There is a drop in October of 2009, which was the financial crisis that made all stocks drop, though both have bounced back up. Dr Pepper Snapple Group has seen an extremely higher stock price since before the crisis, though it s still not valued at what The Coca Cola Companys stock price is valued. The Coca Cola Companys stocks have bounced back up, as previously stated, though not at the expansive add together Dr Pepper Snapple Group has since the devastating financial crisis. The Coca Cola Company is valued more than the Dr Pepper Snapple Group because although we commend there may be a better time to dabble in the firms shares based on our DCF process, the firms stock has outperformed the market benchmark during the past quarter, indicating increased investor interest in the company (Why Coca-Cola is worth, 2012).However, there is some estimation that if recent commodity price trends hold over the next quarter, Dr. Pepper Snapple (ticker DPS) should demonstrate significant earnings leverage in 2013 well in excess of current Wall Street estimates (Gerberi, Herzog, & Metrano, 2012). SWOT Analysis Strengths Coca-Colas key strategy is its excellence in emerging markets. It has secured strong anchorage in emerging markets and in the event that the American market plummets, it will have a good fallback position (Bazil, 2012).This is a great thing, along with the fact that they are a global company. This gives them a position to be at the forefront of the beverage industry and allows them to see better revenues than others in the beverage industry. Dr Pepper Snapple Group, on the o ther hand, has a strength in the fact that they have seen a smaller increase in the cost of goods sold and other expenses than The Coca Cola Company. This is a strength because it means that the company has been able to book costs, in time they still have the same quality of beverages they always have. WeaknessesDr Pepper Snapple Group has continued to be an American-centric beverage company and could use a more global outlook to add to profits and up their stock performance. This is a weakness because The Coca Cola Company is already out in the global market and has become the face of the beverage industry from the United States. They are well known, and if Dr Pepper Snapple Group cant keep up with this, they will never be able to achieve the same financial situation that The Coca Cola Company has. The Coca Cola Company has seen a weakness in the fact that they havent been able to control costs throughout the economic down recently.They are seeing more revenues, but revenues are not all that matter in the military control world. The Coca Cola Company should try to maintain a lower cost structure so that they have a better advantage, and a larger net income. Opportunities Dr Pepper Snapple Group has a huge opportunity to go global with their beverages. They are currently thinking comparatively small in the grand project of things and could use a global perspective to raise revenues and become a more comparative competitor to The Coca Cola Company. The Coca Cola Company has the opportunity to try to control costs.They need to be able to do this so they can see a larger net income and save money during these economically hard times. Companies that are not able to control costs will eventually not be able to make it in the business world because they will be paying prices that they sales cannot keep up with. Threats The Coca Cola Company has a big threat that could potentially partake them in the long run. If more of their competitors enter the global market , they could see huge competition in this market than ever before.They are the main beverage company that has a large global presence, but other beverage companies will be looking, if they already arent, into getting into the global market so that they compete with The Coca Cola Company revenue wise, and see the same larger revenue that global companies start see when they branch out to different areas of the world. Dr Pepper Snapple Group could see a threat of all others within the beverage industry catching on to their cost controlling methods. These methods would help other companies be able to compete better because they will be saving money and hopefully seeing higher revenues as well.This cost controlling, though now a warring advantage, could very well become an industry norm in the future. Decision I feel that both companies should be invested in. There seems to be a relatively good stock market valuation for The Coca Cola Company and Dr Pepper Snapple Group, as well as goo d return on investment percentages relative to the beverage industry average. I think that half should be invested in The Coca Cola Company because it has a global presence and sees higher revenue and has a larger stock valuation, as well as a larger per share net income because of the larger revenues than that of Dr Pepper Snapple Group.I also think that the other half should be invested in Dr Pepper Snapple Group. I feel that this manufacturer only has greater heights to attain, seeing as they have yet to have a huge global presence since they are centered on their United States market. I feel that investing in their stock now, before they truly go global (which will happen because every company should start thinking on a global scale), would be the best case scenario because once they do start making a larger revenue due to global sales, they will probably see a higher return on investment, as well as a higher stock valuation.Implementation & Monitoring To implement this, you sho uld contact your financial advisor. Your financial advisor will able to help you further assess the situation which I have laid out in this report. They will also be able to connect you with a stock broker, if you already do not have one. The stock broker will then help you invest your money in the way I have explained above. Then it would be advisable, in order to monitor your investment, that you also use your financial advisor who can better monitor the progress of your stock investment.If this is in any case expensive, then you could monitor the stock yourself through websites such as www. investing. money. msn. com, www. google. com/finance, or www. finance. yahoo. com. These, plus many more websites, are very helpful in monitoring your investment in the stock market. It is up to you whether you want to monitor it every day, once a week, twice a week, or once a month. Whichever you choose, make sure that you keep up with it and dont fret when stock prices take a slight drop. P ulling money out too early, or when the stock is currently falling is never a good plan. ConclusionsWith this paper, I have learned that, contrary to my belief, The Coca Cola Company are not comparative in size when it comes to revenue, or even the amount of different beverages they sell. They both, though, have comparative ratio analysis. They both are around the industry average, sometimes one is a little above and the other is a little below and vice versa, but for the most part they are relatively close to the industry average. It seems that Dr Pepper Snapple Group has been able to control costs a little more effectively than The Coca Cola Company, but The Coca Cola Company has seen better revenues than the Dr Pepper Snapple Group.Both of these companies are on upwards trends in the stock market, even though they are not comparable by price. There is definitely a need to invest in both of these companies because each has their unique belligerent advantage. The Coca Cola Company s competitive advantage is the fact that they are the leaders in the global beverage market, while Dr Pepper Snapple Groups competitive advantage is that is able to control costs more efficiently. They each have a large product line and could both benefit from learning from the other in different aspects of the business.Bibliography Bazil, M. (2012). Coca-Colas secret weapon. Retrieved from http//www. gurufocus. com/news/183815/cocacolas-secret-weapon. Coca Cola Company Form 10k, 2010. (2011). Retrieved from www. sec. gov. Coca Cola Company Form 10k, 2011. (2012). Retrieved from www. sec. gov. Cooper, L. , Ford, W. , & Stephens, W. (2007). Coca-Cola case study An ethics incident. The Archive of merchandise Education. Retrieved from www. marketingpower. com. Dr Pepper Snapple Group. (n. d. ). Retrieved from www. wikipedia. org.Dr Pepper Snapple Group Form 10k, 2010. (2011). Retrieved from www. sec. gov. Dr Pepper Snapple Group Form 10k, 2011. (2012). Retrieved from www. sec. gov. Ge rberi, J. , Herzog, B. , & Metrano, B. (2012). Beating the global heat with Dr. Pepper Snapple. Retrieved from http//online. barrons. com/article/SB50001424053111903857104577462982562697696. html graphical record Data. (2012). Retrieved from www. google. com/finance. Graph Data. (2012). Retrieved from www. investing. money. msn. com. Graph Data. (2012). Retrieved from www. hecoca-colacompany. com. Graph Data. (2012). Retrieved from www. nasdaq. com. Graph Data. (2012). Retrieved from www. yahoo. com. Investors. (n. d. ). Retrieved from www. investor. drpeppersnapple. com. The Coca Cola Company. (n. d. ). Retrieved from www. wikipedia. org. Why Coca-Cola is worth $70 per share. (2012). Retrieved from http//seekingalpha. com/article/755581-why-coca-cola-is-worth-70-per-share? source=marketwatch Appendix A Accounting Research Paper Supporting Files PDF Files Word/Rich Text Files

Investigating The Relationship Between Hong Kong And China

In exploring the relationship between Hong Kong and its sovereign ruler, the Peoples Republic of china (PRC), I lead proceed by first examining the record behind the 1997 union. In doing so, I will introduce the underlying Law, a constitution which guarantees certain Hong Kong rights. Next, I will explore the political and civil rights of Hong Kong as stated by the Basic Law. Moving forward, I will examine each partys economy, commenting upon the commercial interplay, and establishing each as an economic superpower. Thirdly, I will address some of the tensions that exist between the two regions by looking at one hotbed issue the birthing of newborns in Hong Kong. Finally, I will consider what the future holds for this relationship, concluding that it is at-once troubled and promising.Background The Handover & Guaranteed RightsIn order to fully grasp the relationship between Hong Kong and China, one must first burst an understanding of the history. After 150 under British control , Hong Kong was returned to Chinese rule in 1997 as a Special Administrative Region (SAR). The Hong Kong SAR was instituted under a Chinese policy or mission statement of one country, two systems. This slogan embodies the Chinese leaders goal of reunifying Hong Kong with mainland China, while permitting a co-existence of different political, social, and ratified systems.Autonomy was delivered to the HKSAR in the form of the Basic Law. The Basic Law laid out some pertinent rulings in regard to the Hong Kong-Chinese relationship. First, it is important to note that the Basic Law was created with a shelf-life of 50 years meaning that its ruling power will expire in 2047. This allows Hong Kong residents to have immunity of speech, freedom of press and publication, freedom of association, freedom of assembly, freedom of procession, of demonstration, of communication, of movement, of conscience, of religious belief, and of marriage.Furtherto a greater extent, HK citizens enjoy the right and freedom to form and join business deal unions, and to strike. In addition, the laws that were previously in force in Hong Kong, much(prenominal) as the common law and rules of equity shall be maintained by the HKSAR under the Basic Law. Thus, the Hong Kong SAR has a high level of liberty, enjoying many levels of independent power. This autonomy is hitherto limited and in daily dispute, as I will address in the subsequent Politics and Tensions sections.As I just listed in the guaranteed rights runthrough, Hong Kong citizens w nockethorn speak their mind, and argon even able to engage in street demonstrations where such acts are banned in the PRC. It must be noteworthy that there are, however, certain restrictions to these freedoms. For example, the law requires that police be informed of the demonstrations beforehand, and all protests are subject to interference or destruction on the grounds of matter security. In the sixteen years the two have been linked, this has been a nagging issue for HK plurality as the PRC takes the form of an overbearing ruler. For example, Hong Kong citizens have historically been unable to exercise their voice in advocating for the independence of Tibet or Taiwan. Despite these impediments to wholly free speech, this is much more than that afforded to those in the PRC.Government Form and political PartiesSimilar to the United States and new(prenominal) volumed nation states, China utilizes its sovereign power through a federal system that distri thates authority between the exchange government and local governments. While these local governments may institute a variety of differing policies, the political character of each government is usually uniform. Hong Kong is a large exception to this norm as it has been allowed to enjoy a semblance of democracy.Hong Kong has its own parliamentary system, or Legislative Council. Members of the Legislative Council, known as LegCo, are pick out by processes of both direct electi on and electoral college. All Hong Kong citizens are able to vote in direct elections, on the stipulation that they have been vivification there for a minimum of seven years. This sounds similar to the American voting system that we are familiar with, however only one-third of LegCo is elected with this format. The other two-thirds are elected by a group known as a functional constituency. The functional constituency is a group of professionals represented by palm of specialty, such as Accounting, Engineering, Legal, and Medical. It is noteworthy that this election form draws much criticism from pro-democracy supporters as it allows a minority to hold a majority of influence and power. ane of the requirements of democracy, beyond free speech guarantees that HK enjoys, is the need for a variety of political parties. Political variation allows for multiple viewpoints, allowing citizens to build fuller view and stronger opinions on substantial socio-political issues. While the PRC ca n be described as having just one political party, Hong Kong houses five major parties. Surprisingly, some of these even speak forte regarding their opposition to Beijing and its policies. This extreme difference in political composition serves as a lens through which we can see the PRC and Hong Kong as a potentially uncomfortable pairing. In times of constitutional disagreement though, it is mainland Chinas governing power that prevails.One Country, Two economic SuperpowersIn covering Hong Kong and China, we are dealing with two of the forgivingkinds greatest economic superpowers. China surpassed Japan in 2010, becoming the second-largest economy in the world and the Chinese are now well on their way to becoming the world leader, as they are expected to surpass the United States in a matter of years (if not months). While Hong Kong and China exchange heavily with one another, they maintain separate economic systems and forms of currency.Articles of the Basic Law dictate that Ho ng Kong, as a special administrative region, is able to determine its own monetary policies. As such, Hong Kong has continued to use its pre-1997 currency, the Hong Kong dollar, while the PRC uses its own currency the Renmibi. Interestingly, the HK dollar is treated as foreign tender within the mainland, and the same goes for the Renmibi within Hong Kong.While China and Hong Kong may treat each others currencies as foreign, they are intricately connected and highly circulated. For example, Hong Kong is Chinas number one foreign investor, as they account for over half of the countrys total foreign capital. Thus, Hong Kong holds an important role for the soon-to-be largest world economy, as its premier trading partner and foreign investor.Hong Kong Model of Wealth but Lacking exonerate RepresentationTo explore the power and ever-increasing potential of the Hong Kong economy, I am shining light on the Economic Freedom of the World index (analysis performed by the Fraser institute, a Canadian think tank). According to this institutes study, Hong Kongs economy ranks as the freest in the world (and has held this 1 ranking since 1970). The institutes Economic Freedom of the World index bases this assessed freedom on three primary elements government size, regulation of economic activity, and openness to international trade.The smallness of Hong Kong government is testify by government spending as a percentage of GDP, which rests at 19.2%. Compare this to the United States, which is over double that figure, at 38.9%. Furthermore, Hong Kong citizens enjoy a plain income tax rate of 15% while bloodlinees pay a corporate tax rate of 16.5%. If that was not economically appealing enough, take into consideration that there is no sales tax nor taxation of dividends or capital gains.The second Economic Freedom of the World index element reveals Hong Kong as possessing a whippy and efficient regulation of economic activity. In assessing this aspect, the Fraser Institute defers judgment to the World Bank and its Doing Business project which produces a report measuring the cost of business regulation for companies each year. The results place Hong Kong as the second easiest place to do conduct business in the world. This high ranking is based on HKs flexible labor market and the view of the Hong Kong dollar as a stable form of currency.The final element in the Fraser Institutes pretence of assessing economic freedom is an economys openness to international trade. Hong Kong does not impose quotas nor does it charge customs duties. In addition, there are no Hong Kong restrictions to the influx of investment capital. These factors make HK very friendly to international business and greatly contribute to the regions standing as third-ranked world-wide in terms of influx of foreign investment. Furthermore, Hong Kong ranks as fourth overall in terms of investment outflow only behind the United States, Japan, and mainland China.Considering its worldwide e conomic power and attractiveness, it may seem odd that HK lacks true international theatrical. For example, Hong Kong is not directly represented in the United Nations. However, because of its economic weight, HK does have its own representation in trade and commerce bodies, such as the World Trade Organization. Interestingly, Hong Kong is even represented by the International Olympic Committee, a sporting body. It follows that the PRC has direct representation in all of these. This overview of representation shows the level of Hong Kongs autonomy, which is covered in most areas except for high politics, where the PRC serves as the authority.Tensions Birthing TroubleA survey conducted by the University of Hong Kong in 2011 found that twice the number of responders referred to themselves as Hong Kongers versus identifying themselves as Chinese. There are a number of factors leading to feelings of us versus them. It is toilsome for Hong Kong citizens to see themselves as being the sa me as the mainland Chinese because of their years under British rule. While there were downsides to the years under foreign control, it was this photo that has led to their current attractions, in terms of common law and personal freedoms.The disparity between mainlanders and Hong Kongers is seemingly growing. The aforementioned number of survey respondents identifying as Hong Kongers hit a 10 year high. This may be attributed to the fact that some HK citizens loudly voiced a fear of becoming just one more city in China.We can examine one instance of this relationships unrest by looking at the process of birthing in Hong Kong, and how the PRC is involved. Great numbers of mainland pregnant women enter Hong Kong to birth their babies. This is politically-heavy for two reasons. Firstly, these HK women are evading the mainland policy which limits the number of children a family may have. Second, babies born in Hong Kong are automatically granted residency.With residency comes access to the SARs high-grade healthcare and free schooling. With 37% of the Hong Kong babies born in 2010 belonging to mainland families (where neither parent is a HK resident), the resources are heavily constrained. Beyond the implications of supply and demand for future healthcare and schooling, HK residents are having to fight to simply reserve maternity ward hospital beds.The people of Hong Kong are not taking such strains lying down. HK residents are exercising every freedom of speech right that they have in order to let their voices be heard and to advocate for change. In the case of mainland mothers overtaking HK maternity wards, Hong Kong citizens took protested in great numbers. Dozens of pregnant women, along with their husbands and hundreds of other supporters, marched in streets in demand of resource protection. The people are demanding that the legislative powers disallow citizenship through local birth. This serves as just one example of the clash between Hong Kong and mainlan d citizens. prove of Hong Kongs Influence on China & An Uncertain FutureWhile the one country, two systems policy was created to allow the territory of Hong Kong to continue in its lucky ways of capitalism while the keeping the rest of China socialist, it has not exactly remained that way. Since the 1997 handover, China has created dozens of zones that are designated as free-trade zones, industrial high-tech education zones, and Special Economic Zones. For example, two major Chinese cities that fall into this categorization are Shanghai and Shenzhen.This case of zone example serves as an indicator of mainland Chinas eyes being opened to the possibilities of capitalism and other aspects of Western culture. Despite how slow China is to make changes, it is evident that the PRCs betrothal of these practices is directly connected to their involvement with Hong Kong. Thus, HK is serving as somewhat of a blueprint for the PRCs progress.The futures of China and Hong Kong remain very much uncertain, however one thing is clear they will remain intricately entwined for decades to come. Evidence of Hong Kongs influence on the Peoples Republic of China begs the uncertainty of what is next for China as a whole? If one of the worlds longtime socialist superpowers has begun a shift toward capitalism, what is stopping them from expanding consideration to human rights and rule of law? It is with such a jump that China could carry not only the banner for national worldwide GDP (as they certainly will), but also finally provide the first-world living conditions that are expected from a worldwide economic superpower.

Economic History and Evolution of Health Care Economics

Health dread has been changed dramatically during the years from back in 1960 to like a shot. The economics crises gift taken over majority of its courses for these changes. What is economic history and health guard funding? Economic history is the way people dealt with supply and demand, cost of proceeds of a product, the levels of income and distribution of wealth, the structure of overseas trade, and the volume and direction of investment, (Adelman, 1985). In todays society health forethought and medicine has bring into being wholeness of the life savers for patients with health wish issues.More and more new technologies, research, development of new procedures and medications have taken over a major change in health care industry while comparing to back in 1940s when there was less facilities, doctors, technologies, and medicines available for treatment of major and chronic diseases. Health awe funding is defined as a method for patients to pay for their medical costs . During the early years of 1940s, there were no Medical or Medicaid , HMO or PPO plans available and neither was there any governmentfunding available for low and no income families as it is today. In todays society the Obama health care illuminate is helping millions paying for their health care expenses by providing Medical, Medicaid and or discounted health insurance plans from various companies with no or low income families. Millions are benefitting from this syllabus today in comparison from the early 1940s century. Today the debate continues between the poor and rich as to how and if the new health care reform program is beneficial for the economy and how it pass on affect the nation.The timeline below describes and shows how the government was involved in the health care funding and economy back from the early 1940s till it is today. Health Care Funding Timeline 1935-At this time during the great depression, President Franklin D. Roosevelt had signed another act into law , and that was the Social Security Act. 1940s For the second time, warfare put an end to any possibility for achievement of national health insurance. In 1943, there was a ruling from the The War Labor Board that certain(prenominal) work benefits, including health insurance coverage, should be excluded from wage and price controls.1946-In 1946 President Truman signs the Hospital Survey and Construction Act. This act would give states the access needed to federal grants for the maintenance and construction of public health centers. This act also provides care to all patients regardless of the race, nationality and religion. 1960s The Kerr-Mills Act provided states with federal grants pay for health care for the elderly poor. He only had the support from 28 states who signed on for this act. John Kennedy proposed legislation in 1962 for hospital care for seniors under Social Security. only the opposing democrats blocked his proposal.During the election in 1964, Medicare was made a priority in the health care reform in USA. 1970s By 1970, the health care costs had grown rapidly and therefore the number of uninsured patients among the elderly had grown which grew a major concern for the government and the health care reform. The country had started to face major health care crises. Sen. Ted Kennedy held hearings around the country and issued a report, The Health Care Crisis in America, generating support for his bill, the Health Security Act, a universal single payer plan with a national health budget, no consumer cost-sharing, financed through payroll taxes.President Nixon proposed for an employer mandate which required employers to provide health care coverage to employees or to pay tax for the unemployment. 1980s During the 1970s the economic inequalities increased and decline in income. President Carter submitted cost control legislation which again didnt pass. With the election of Ronald Reagan, a bill for the expansion of Medicare Catastrophic coverage w as signed and Congress passed an expansion of Medicaid. 1990s By 1990, a major health care crises hits United States.Almost about 38 million people were without health insurance due to the recession that hit United States in 1990. It left people with no option to decline health care coverage. Private Insurance programs were at high pace , rates were increased by 90% and wages were at 28% between 1987 and year 1993. Wide range of proposals was put in for consideration for the better. The Clinton campaign was put into consideration. As president, Clinton appointed a task index to develop the concept into legislation, the Health Security Act (HSA).This act would have created universal coverage for the employer and the individual mandates. Due to the budget, the democrats did not approve of it. This bill neer made it out of the committee. 2000s President Bush signs Medicare Prescription Drug Improvement Act into law in 2003. President Obama and the congress discussed the health care p lans and spend over a year in doing research and planning for new plans to find solutions that would require businesses to cover for health care coverage for their employees.2010 -Today An capable summary of the background and components of the Patient Protection Affordable Care Act signed into law March 3, 2010 by President Obama is beyond the scope of this space. It will be discussed in detail at a presentation Dec. 4th. This act was signed on March 23, 2010. January 1, 2014 Obama Health Care Reform takes into effect. In conclusion, as you can see health care issue has been ongoing for decades and has not been solved in United States as of today. We are still debating the costs, benefits and economical effects on health care for our people.While comparison from the 1940s life was much simpler and less stressful for people and less issues while in todays society there is more paperwork, more laws and requirements involved before a patient can be seen at a local clinic or hospital . bet on in the days it was easier for patients to get treatment in a clinic or hospital while today a patient can easily be seen if he or she has some kind of medical or health insurance coverage. There is still hope that someday our nation will become better for our people in providing a better health care coverage and service to all.

Explain How the ‘Ansoff Matrix’ Can Be Applied to Help Develop Strategic Marketing Options for an Enterprise.

apologize how the Ansoff intercellular substance stub be applied to help develop strategicalalal food commercialise shopping centering options for an enterprise. What opposite uninflected tools and techniques can be employed to develop alternative merchandise strategies? T fitting of contents 1. Introduction 2. The Ansoff hyaloplasm 3. Market keenness 4. Product culture 5. Market Development 6. Diversification 7. Limitations of the Ansoff matrix 8. Other uninflected tools and techniques 9. Conclusion 10. References IntroductionFrom my working experience I have discovered, an presidential term that k without delays its shortcomings, and can make relatively strategic endings to meet the right objectives, will achieve its desire to become triumphful and remain relevant. happy organisations in Nigeria always attribute their success to unique strategies which they employed efficiently. Strategies be developed at polar levels at bottom an organisation, it therefore fol downhearteds that objectives (what it wants to achieve) atomic number 18 in any case set at the different levels.The setting of these objectives will normally puzzle a discrepancy between what is currently being achieved and what postulate to be achieved. Marketing strategies atomic number 18 the explanation of how this gap is going to be closed and the objectives realized. Ansoff matrix is a personaful framework for feeling at possible strategies to reduce the gap between where the ac smart set whitethorn be without a exchange in dodging and where the company aspires to be (Proctor, 1997).The Ansoff matrix which is the focus of this work is one of the models alongside others alike the ostiary matrix, BCG, grind, PESTEL, DPM matrix and Gap abstract etc utilise by securities industryers to set objectives which assist strategic decision making. The Ansoff matrix is also utilise in marketing audits (Li et al, 1999). I will attempt to explain within the settleatio n of word content, how the Ansoff can be applied to help develop strategic marketing options for an enterprise. about of these other analytical tools and techniques will also be discussed in the second section this work. The Ansoff Matrix The Ansoff matrix presents the merchandise and market choices available to an organisation. Herein markets may be defined as customers, and productions as items change to customers (Lynch, 2003). This matrix helps companies decide what course of action should be taken given current carrying out. The Ansoff matrix is also employd in marketing audits (Li et al, 1999).The Ansoff matrix entails four possible product/market combinations Market penetration, product education, market development and diversification (Ansoff 1957, 1989). Ansoff Product-Market Growth Matrix pic Source Ansoff (1957, 1989) A market penetration system is white plagued when and organization wants to achieve and increased share in the market. A market development dodgin g in contrast involves the organization searching for sensitive markets in which to sell its current product.A product development strategy involves identifying new needs within the existent market and developing products to meet these needs while the diversification strategy involves the organisation entryway new markets with new products. I will now elaborate on these four strategies to show how they help develop strategic marketing options for an enterprise. Market Penetration Market penetration occurs when a company penetrates a market with its current products.It is main(prenominal) to note that the market penetrations strategy begins with the existing customers of the organization. This strategy is partd by companies in order to increase sales without undirected from the original product-market strategy (Ansoff, 1957). Companies often penetrate markets in one of these three ways by gaining competitors customers, up(a) the product quality or level of service, attracting non-users of the products or convincing current customers to use more of the companys product, with the use of marketing communication tools like advertising etc. Ansoff, 1989, Lynch, 2003). This strategy is concomitantful for agate linees be puzzle retaining existing customers is cheaper than attracting new ones, which is why companies like BMW and Toyota (Lynch, 2003) and banks like HSBC engage in relationship marketing activities to retain their spirited lifetime value customers same applies to Diamond bank in Nigeria which won the award for Bank of the family in Thisday Awards 2009 (Thisday Style magazine).Diamond bank is one of the market challengers in Nigerias banking industry and has consistently increased its market share by penetrating the market with orchestrateed special promotions, very low invade rates on loans, and maintaining a highly receptive and comfortable atmosphere in its banking halls. Product Development Product development occurs when a company develo ps new products catering to the same market. no.e that product development refers to significant new product developments and not minor changes in an existing product of the firm.The reasons that justify the use of this strategy involve one or more of the pursual to utilise of excess production capacity, restoration competitive entry, maintain the companys reputation as a product innovator, exploit new technology, and to protect overall market share (Lynch, 2003). Often one such strategy moves the company into markets and towards customers that are currently not being catered for. For example, McDonalds is always within the fast-food industry, but frequently markets new burgers.Another wide example of the product development strategy is the constant innovation within the home computer market where products can become obsolete within a matter of years. Frequently, when a firm requires new products, it can gain new customers for these products. Hence, new product development ca n be a crucial business development strategy for firms to stay competitive. Market Development When a company follows the market development strategy, it moves beyond its immediate customer base towards attracting new customers for its existing products.This strategy often involves the sale of existing products in new international markets. This may entail exploration of new segments of a market, new uses for the companys products and serve, or new geographical areas in order to entice new customers (Lynch, 2003). For example, Arm & Hammer was able to attract new customers when existing consumers identified new uses of their bake soda (Christensen et al, 2005). Lucozade was first marketed for sick children and hence re-branded to target athletes.Also, an organisation found that the gel they produced for removing residual oil from heavy machinery could also be used to clean domestic ovens and baking tins. This revelation enabled them to target a new market of professional cooks an d baking enthusiast. These are good examples of developing a new market for an existing product. Diversification Diversification strategy is distinct in the sense that when a company diversifies, it essentially moves out of its current products and markets into new areas. It is important to note that diversification may be into related and unrelated areas.Related diversification may be in the form of backward, forward, and horizontal integration. Backward integration takes place when the company extends its activities towards its inputs such as suppliers of tender materials etc. in the same business. Forward integration differs from backward integration, in that the company extends its activities towards its outputs such as distribution etc. in the same business. Horizontal integration takes place when a company moves into businesses that are related to its existing activities (Lynch, 2003 Macmillan et al, 2000).It is important to note that even unrelated diversification often has some synergy with the original business of the company. The risk of one such manoeuvre is that detailed knowledge of the key success pointors may be limited to the company (Lynch, 2003). While diversified businesses seem to grow faster in cases where diversification is unrelated, it is crucial to note that the track record of diversification remains poor as in many cases diversifications have been divested ( porters beer, 1987).Scholars have argued that related diversification is generally more profitable (Macmillan et al, 2000 Pearson, 1999). Therefore, diversification is a high-risk strategy as it involves taking a step into a territory where the parameters are outlander to the company. The risks of diversification can be minimised by moving into related markets (Ansoff, 1989). sodding(a) Cola, virgin Megastores, Virgin Airlines, Virgin Telecommunications are examples of new products created by the Virgin Group of UK, to leverage the Virgin brand.This resulted in the company e ntering new markets where it had no presence before. Limitations of Ansoff Matrix While Ansoff analysis helps in mapping the strategic options for companies, it is important to note that like all models, it has some limitations. By itself, the matrix can tell one subprogram of the strategy story but it is imperative to look at other strategic models like SWOT analysis and PESTLE in order to view how the strategy of an organisation is formulating and might change in the course of its future.For example, the Ansoff analysis of Virgin Cola shows that the brand has been launched in the UK and USA using a market penetration strategy, which essentially reflects that the brand needs to increase its brand recognition (Vignali, 2001). The SWOT analysis conducted by Vignali (2001) showed an opport social unity that Virgin Cola could explore diversification into new ranges of Virgin Cola products.PESTEL analysis of Virgin Cola showed that there was need to constantly evaluate the soft drinks industry in all countries, in order to reflect customer trends, thereby allowing the brand to gain market share and also telephone trends faster than the competition. Therefore, the steps to be taken while conducting a strategic analysis of an organisation include SWOT analysis, PESTEL and Ansoff matrix as fundamental models of analyses, which should be used in conjunction and not in isolation, to view the complete strategic scenario.Also, recommendations made on the basis on notwithstanding one of the models are not concrete and lack in depth. While the role of analysis in making strategic choices cannot be undermined, it is imperative to note that judgment plays a crucial role in making captious strategic choices that may change the future of the firm (Macmillan et al, 2000). Lastly, the use of Ansoff matrix as a marketing tool may not be really useful as the matrix is critical for analysing the strategic path that the brand may be following, and does not essentially identify m arketing options. Other analytic ToolsAs mentioned earlier Ansoff matrix is not all exhaustive and so there are other analytical tools and techniques which are valuable to marketers for strategic decision making and can actually be used alongside Ansoff matrix. I will just throw some light on SWOT, BCG matrix and Porters Generic scheme. SWOT Swot analysis is a simple framework for generating strategic alternatives from a situation analysis. Swot (sometimes reffered to as TOWS) stands for Strengths, Weaknesses Opportunities and Threats. It is applicable to either corporate level or business unit level and frequently appears in marketing lans. Its advocates say it can be used to gauge the gradation of fit between the organisations strategy and its environment, and to suggest ways suggest ways in which the organisation can profit from strengths and opportunities and shield itself against weaknesses and threats (Adams, 2005). The internal and external situation analysis can produce a large amount of information, some(prenominal) of which may not be highly relevant. The SWOT analysis can serve as an interpretative filter to reduce the information to a manageable bill of key issues.The SWOT analysis classifies the internal aspect of the company as strengths or weaknesses and the external situational factors as opportunities or threats. Strengths can serve as a foundation for building a competitive advantage, and weaknesses may hinder it. By understanding these four aspects of its situation, a firm can better leverage its strengths, repair its weaknesses, capitalize on golden opportunities, and deter potentially devastating threats. Because SWOT is such as long-familiar and comforting tool, many students use it at the start of their analysis. This is a mistake.In order to arrive at a proper SWOT appraisal, other analyses need to be carrier out first. BCG Matrix BCG matrix is a management tool that serves four distinct purposes (McDonald 2003 Kotler 2003 Cipher 2006) it can be used to separate product portfolio in four business types based on four graphic labels including Stars (Stars are leadership in high growth markets. They tend to/should generate large amounts of cash but also use a lot of cash because of growth market conditions) Cash Cows (), Question Mark (Question mark have not achieved a dominant market position, and hence do not generate much cash.They tend to use a lot of cash because of growth market conditions) and Dogs (Dogs often have lowly future and are big cash drainers on the company as they generate very minuscule cash by virtue of their low market share in a highly low growth market). pic According to experts (Drummond & Ensor 2004 Kotler 2003 McDonald 2003), surplus cash from cash cow products should be channeled into Stars and Questions in order to create the future Cash Cows.The BCG matrix can be used to determine what priorities should be given in the product portfolio of a company to classify an organisatio ns product portfolio according to their cash work and generation and offers management available strategies to tackle various product lines. It is based on dickens dimensional variables relative market share and market growth. They often are pointers to healthiness of a business (Kotler 2003 McDonald 2003). In other words, products with greater market share or within a fast growing market are expected to wield relatively greater profit margins.Porters Generic dodging Companies can achieve competitive advantages essentially by differentiating their products and services from those of competitors and through low costs. Firms can target their products by a broad target, thereby covering most of the marketplace, or they can focus on a narrow target in the market (Lynch, 2003). According to Porter, there are three generic strategies that a company can undertake to attain competitive advantage cost leadership, differentiation, and focus. pic Source Porter (1985)Cost Leadership The comp anies that attempt to become the lowest-cost producers in an industry can be referred to as those following a cost leadership strategy. The company with the lowest costs would earn the highest profits in the event when the competing products are essentially undifferentiated, and selling at a standard market price. Companies following this strategy place emphasis on cost reduction in every activity in the value chain. specialization When a company differentiates its products, it is often able to charge a premium price for its products or services in the market.Some general examples of differentiation include better service levels to customers, better product performance etc. in comparison with the existing competitors. Porter (1980) has argued that for a company employing a differentiation strategy, there would be extra costs that the company would have to incur. Such extra costs may include high advertising spending to promote a differentiated brand image for the product, which in f act can be considered as a cost and an investment. Focus Porter initially presented focus as one of the three generic strategies, but later identified focus as a moderator of the two strategies.Companies employ this strategy by focusing on the areas in a market where there is the least(prenominal) amount of competition (Pearson, 1999). Organisations can make use of the focus strategy by focusing on a specific niche in the market and offering specialised products for that niche. This is why the focus strategy is also sometimes referred to as the niche strategy (Lynch, 2003). Therefore, competitive advantage can be achieved only in the companys target segments by employing the focus strategy. The company can make use of the cost leadership or differentiation approach with regard to the focus strategy.Conclusion In conclusion, it has to be restated that the Ansoff matrix is a useful, though not an exhaustive, framework for an organisations objective setting run and marketing audits. The differences in strategic choices of organisations can often be attributed to the type of market in which the company operates. Changes in business environment play a crucial role in the strategic options that an organisation may pursue over its life stages. There are risks associated with all of the four strategic options entailed in the Ansoff matrix.Market penetration is generally considered as a low risk strategy while diversification, on the other hand, is deemed as a high risk growth strategy as it involves moving at the same time into new products and new markets. Diversification remains a popular strategic option for firms in directlys competitive business arena. Lastly, Ansoff matrix as a strategic model has certain limitations. The use of SWOT and PESTEL analysis is recommended, along with Ansoff analysis, to be able to capture a holistic view of the strategic scenario of an organisation.I would have elaborated more on other analytic tools but for the word limit given me. 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