Facts and Values in Social Science

Facts and Values in kindly lightIt is non possible to separate facts from pass judgment in affectionate skill question. Discuss this statement by using empiricist and interpretative approachesIntroductionThe most complicated study in the realm of association is the demeanor of gentle beings. It is always relative and unpredictable, the thought pattern always moulds with respect to time, space and circumstances. The fond structure and embedded tralatitious fabric guides the tender behaviour hence (Harris, 2001). So if we be into research we ought to confacer the valve system as a major variable. The favorable science research methods be thus incomplete if we slue the role of values. It is not possible to separate facts from values in brotherly sciences because of the huge impact f impostor of the kind structure over a phenomenon, for guinea pig doing research in Indian gild and ignoring the caste structure would not bear considerable results. To work in Saudi Ara bia it is mandatory to study the Arab traditional way of life and the blend with Islamic fundamentals. The empiricist school follows purely scientific tools of research which is not influenced by brotherly orders or value systems (Barton, 1999). On the setback the interpretative school take in to account the value structures this school is also know as hermeneutic approach (Barton, 1999). The laws of pure science argonnt concern with the traditional ways of life they atomic number 18 same in all in all parts of the institution. But on the other hand social sciences such as anthropology, sociology, political science, economics, international relations, psychology involves the study of human behaviour that is not value degage (Harris, 2001). In these soft sciences the importance and impacts of social life hypocrisy be ignored out rightly. This is not because the research work is not rigorous or lacks in objectivity or validity but the overcome matter is human attitude and be haviour which includes norms and values. Both these norms and values have different forms and manifestations in e very particular society. Historically the study was known as humanities because of the mode of inquiry and approach to the methods of discourse towards the realm of knowledge (Harris, 2001). ExplanationWith the development of the subjects of social sciences the need emerged that empiricism must be use for more effective and problem solving frequentizations. The growth patterns in research lead to the development of different variances while following these traditions, the nature of empiricist tradition has been mathematical and value less which is only based on confirmable data that is regardless of the fact that there is loss in human behaviour and circumstances. This deviation may cause disorders in the data which is only reflected through positivist traditions. Therefore, while dealing with human behaviours through this approach it is a far supposition to arrive at a value free theory. Critical theorists have come up the assumptions that there is always a circumstantial reason down every school of thought, power structure govern the body of knowledge according to its interest needs that cater the policies of powerful in the world where cuckoos nest is the only political order (Harris, 2001). The realist school of thought is the greatest justification of status quo for the powerful nations of the world the liberal school is thought to be coined for the interests of capitalists and their free trade paradigm. The idea of clash of civilization by Samuel P Huntington caters the foreign policy of US in the later decades of 90s, so as the theory of the oddity of History by Francis Fukuyama which says that liberal world order is the only solution for the global governance (Ritzger, Smart, 2001). Thus coming to the definitions of the phenomenon of facts and values, online dictionary implies that the fact stop be defined as something that actually exists reality truth or something known to exist or to have happened. A fact substructure be known as the truth known by actual experience or observation something known to be true. On the other hand values thunder mug be defined sociologically as the ideals, customs, institutions of a society toward which the people of the group have an affective regard. These values may be positive, as cleanliness, freedom, or education, or negative, as cruelty, crime, or blasphemy. From the above definitions it can be deduced that value is an ideal and fact is the happening or the practical manifestation of the value. Values are intertwined with facts and give gist with the help of facts (Harris, 2001). With out values facts are meaningless and vice-versa. Answers regarding the simple facts regarding a river or pollution level in the air can be given through scientific research but when it comes to sociological facts values becomes the guiding principles or the driving force for the facts. In social sciences behaviouralism brought a fundamental transformation in the thinking process which took turn after the age of reason and enlightenment in between 1600 (Ritzger, Smart, 2001, p371). It started with the study of the infixed world and spread to the study of social sciences or soft sciences. People now believe that most of the natural and social phenomenon is under the jurisdiction of science. Social scientists bring in data through specialized techniques. These techniques include participant observation, key informants, focus group discussion and sampling. The empiric data includes the evidence which people have matt-up through their sensory recognition. This thing creates confusion among detectives as they cannot employ their senses directly to observe things like intelligence, opinions, attitudes, feelings, emotions, power and authority (Ritzger, Smart, 2001, p371). This thing also creates confusion in the research world and gives birth to debate that it is not p ossible to separate facts from the values. For instance, the difference between the cure, prevention and ones attitude towards disease is called cancer. In other interpreter the approach would be different while a tec would measure the attitude towards economic systems applied in different societies. The German sociologist Weber is the ecclesiastic for freedom from value decision in the social sciences, an ideal he referred as Werturteilsfreiheit (value-freedom). He says that there is a rational distance its not a matter of quantity, separating the causal premise and empirical generalizations of science from value judgments. It is more of moral, political, and aesthetic first choice. Social scientists keep the two sides, fact and value. Thus it can be argued from the Weber, that this separation is not observed by anyone. Weber seized that values affect the way in which research is done in the social sciences and that the values are also affected by the research results. Facts can be brought to bear on values, affecting ones holding of them. On the research side of the human disciplines, evaluations enter into the subject matter. Using registering explanation that is, the subjects evaluations seen in relation to the conditions of his or her action, the researcher can hope to sort out the decisive motives of the actor studied. In research, the scrutiny of values permits a discussion between investigators that can clarify the heights of affect each brings to bear.Values serve the science by an empirical treatment. Values ultimately come into view, in practical situations the implications of values are judged in particular terms. In addition new values can be revealed and their factual consequences can be judged (Weber, 1949). Value is not determined by any fact for instance and is necessarily free (Weber, 1949). It is free because it is a value (Weber, 1949). And it is because there are a lot of values and they are at odds, and according to Weber these are w arring gods in the modern world.Humans are cultural beings and are caught in the chains of the culture, values, norms and traditions. Both the researcher and the respondent cannot get rid of the cultural implications. Taking the culture as the object social scientists must recognize the prerequisite for a cultural science is as cultural beings, humans take up behaviour to the world and give it meaning and significance. Values permit this. Core cultural values in cultural science change with culture over time (Weber, 1949). Webers idea of value-freedom is of extreme importance that research cannot be conducted in space. Hence the cultural values are enveloped in the cultural facts. Values and facts are interrelated and interdependent. No value in culture is out of circumstance of facts (Weber, 1949). Infact cultural facts give meaning to values and norms. Thus it cannot be separated from the cultural context. Thus this idea gives that Weber is positivist and facts be studied for sci entific purposes and only science cannot save the human beings only. The empirical researcher asks for the objectivity in the research keeping in view the apolitical environment (May, 1993). However the interpretative research looks for the reflection of soulfulnessal point of view. It infact does not ask for the value freeness, rather it sees the values and meanings fused in concert (May, 1993). The empiricist approach tends to say that all the social research is based on the empirical data and evidence. All the knowledge is empirical in nature and intensity. Social research is based on rationale and empirical observations. Social research involves the contact between thoughts and evidence. Ideas help social researchers to give sense to the evidence and the researcher use this evidence to support ideas. seek has attempts to influence the real world. No laws in social science are parallel to the laws in the natural science whereas law is a universal generalization about a fact and fact is an observed phenomenon and it means it has been seen, heard or otherwise experienced by researcher (Barton, 1999, p232). Thus the researcher holds a relationship with the society directly. a posteriori school is all about data collected through sensory perception and all that. This term was used for certain ancient Greek practitioners of medicine who rejected following to the basic principles, preferring to rely on personal experience and observation. create further, empiricism became a theory which refers that knowledge arises from experience and evidence gathered using senses (Barton, 1999, p232). Scientifically, the term refers to the gathering of data using only evidence that is noticeable by the senses or in some cases using calibrated scientific instruments. The investigator tries to describe the interaction between the human senses and the unit being observed. The researcher is expected to adjust tools by applying it to known standard objects and documenting the re sults before applying it to unknown objects. Thus in short it can be analyzed in empirical school that the facts and values are part and parcel of any culture and society (Couvalis, 1997, p40). Facts give meanings with the help of values and values through facts. Both are pre requisites of each other. When the word scientific comes in vogue than it means that only scientific and systematic methods of inquiry are applied to understand and investigate the social phenomenon that includes interaction among more than two individual(a)s. The values and norms are the guiding principles of this interaction. Values are a set of ethics or standards of behaviour and are held in high esteem and sough-after by a particular society in which a person lives (Couvalis, 1997, p45). Without values, life is confusion, signifying nothing. It is the pre-requisite to be human. Everything in this world is relative, truth is not truth but it is being made truth, constructed as a truth, thus perceived to be truth, so it is the perception which makes our impression which we except as a truth and the only truth in this time frame is that only the creature is absolute. So facts are actually truths about social world determined under the umbrella of values. Relatively speaking neither Earnest Najel is wrong nor Longino or Karl Marx. But every phenomenon has some critique, which is valid to considerable extent. For this reason not totally disagreeing with any one I would just highlight some angles upon which light could be thrown.It is not against the use of scientific method to apply to social research, no doubt science has developed a lot it has revolutionized our lives and mechanized as well, here the stress is at, mechanized our lives, when it comes to human thoughts the development means a lot but as man is social animal so his social world tends to be developed the world around him and the world in which he lives. For this reason objectivity of using scientific methods in social fie lds is sought.But prior to check whether there is any similarities between natural science and social phenomenon, for using them simultaneously they must be identical in subject matter, in terms of application and generalisation. Are the patterns to the theories similar in these respects? Social science is based on rules while natural science is based on laws. Social theory need to be cut back to natural theory.Replicating a social phenomenon for the sake of experimental study might be possible in some cases but not in all cases, thus behavioural, cultural, and the normative order could make difference. Anatol Francis said that the difference between animal and human being is like literature and lying. Scientific approach has been very rigid as far as the conclusion are concerned either right or wrong while on the other side it not the same case.Social scientific thesis is not compatible and universal, that is not applicable every where and could not be tested or sustain universal ly as values very society to society and same as the facts. Science approach cannot give you perceptions. It can tell a person what s/he can do, not what s/he should do. Put another way, treating the ideas as a coherent system of thought, science can point out to an actor what is possible within his or her value system, and what would be contradictory to that value system.Social constructivists urge that understanding the production of scientific knowledge required looking at all the factors causally relevant to the acceptance of a scientific idea, not just at those the researcher thinks should be relevant. Science is thought to be the knowledge of elites. Authoritative explanation of knowledge makes difference, while tradition also plays its part in your knowledge system. Problems of social policy are not based on purely technical considerations of specific ends, but involve disputes about the normative standards of value which lie in the domain of general cultural values. This con flict over general cultural values does not occur solely between class interests but between general views on life and the universe as well. The non-scientific world information is accepted on trust, so in science, knowledge grows by depending on the testimony of others. What are the implications of judge this fact for our conceptions of the reliability of scientific knowledge? Until recently, apart from a few anomalous figures like Caroline Herschel, Barbara Mcclintock, and Marie Curie, the sciences were a male preserve. Feminists turned to Marxist models of social relations and developed versions of standpoint theory, which holds that the beliefs held by a group reflect the social interests of that group. As a consequence, the scientific theories accepted in a context marked by divisions of power such as gender will reflect the interests of those in power. Alternative theoretical perspectives can be expected from those consistently excluded from power. (Rose 1983 Haraway 1978). O bjective science must distinguish between value judgments and empirical knowledge, and try to see factual truths. However, value-judgments of the practical interest of the scientist will always be significant in determining the focus of attention of analytical activity.Interpretative social sciences go back to the German sociologist Max Weber and another German philosopher Wilhem Diltey. This is related to the word hermeneutics that originated in the nineteenth century. This employs that making the obscure plain. This thing refers that true meanings are rarely simple or obvious on the surface. unitary absorbs that scanning through the complete text. In this method the researcher uses participant observation and field research method. The interpretative researcher lives for year among the respondents to collect data. This is the organized analysis of the social actions through direct and detailed observation of the people in the natural world. The goal of the social research is to deep down understand the social life and discover how people construct meanings in the natural setting. The basic aim of the interpretative social science research is to discover social reality. ConclusionAll the social sciences studies and researches are conducted to find out the meaning and truths behind the values. All the facts give explanations to the prevailing values in short. The purpose of the research is to give scientific explanation to the facts and to dig out the universal laws about human behaviour (Weber, 1949). It is not the motive to separate values from the facts. As I have previously mentioned that both are interlocked. In our society the correlation of values with daily life holds a clich. The above debate can be concluded that values and facts are interlinked and phenomenon and concepts which give meaning while combined (Barton, 1999, p232). All research is empirical in nature and holds roots in the society that is composed of human beings. Research is an ongoin g, evolving, moving process. The current knowledge and paradigms are not perfect. The only aim is construct scientific laws about human behaviour and when the word behaviour is used, the term values automatically jumps in. facts in any cultural, societal and communal reflection explains the values and norms of that particular society. Social scientists gather and explain data accordingly. Thus it can be concluded that generally established objectivity and subjectivity or simply reality versus values that is applicable to individual cultures only. In their own conclusion, the authors state that it will be the theory of argumentation that will help develop what pure logic could not, the justification of the possibility of a human community in the sphere of action when this justification cannot be based on a reality of objective truth. (Bizzel and Herzberg, 2001, p. 1377)BibliographyBarton, E. (1999). Review of Strategies for Empirical Research in Writing. Journal of Business and Tech nical Communication, 13, 2, p. 232.Bizzel, P. and Herzberg, B. (Eds.) (2001). The Rhetorical Tradition. Boston Bedford/St. Martins.Caws, Peter (1972). An Immense Density of Systematicities. The Archeology of Knowledge. By Michel Foucault. Translated by A. M. Sheridan Smith. http//www.sscnet.ucla.edu/comm/steen/cogweb/Abstracts/Foucault.html (retrieved 11/23/08)Chalmers, A (1999). What is this thing called Science? Open University Press. p19-26, 27-58.Couvalis, G. (1997). The philosophy of Science. Thousand Oaks Sage Publications. p36-61.Harris, M. (2001). The Rise of Anthropological Theory. AltaMira Press.Kuhn, T. (1962). The structure of Scientific Revolutions. Chicago University of Chicago Press.Ladyman, J. (2002).Understanding the Philosophy of Science. New York Routledge. p93-123.MacNealy, M.S. (1999). Overview of Empirical Methodology. In Strategies for Empirical Research in Writing. Boston, MA Allyn and Bacon.May, T. (1993). Social Research Issues, Methods and Process, Buckhin gham Open University Press. p27-41.Neuman, W Lawrence, Social Research Methods, Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches , University of Wisconsin at Whitewater.Ritzger, G Smart, B. (2001). Handbook of Social Theory. London SAGE. p371-385. Weber, Max. 1949. Max Weber on the Methodology of the Social Sciences. Trans. and eds. Edward A. Shils and Henry A. Finch. Glencoe, IL Free Press.

Essay --

Through an examination of the phyla Porifera, Cnidaria, Platyhelminthes, Aschelminthes (Nematoda), Mollusca, Annelida, and Arthropoda, an obvious pattern of evolutionary advances is present. As one moves across these cardinal phyla, developments in traits much(prenominal) as methods of acquiring nutrition, the digestive system of rules, the circulatory system, the nervous system, and the gas exchange system could easily be noted. Other observations could be logged regarding the development of the excretory system, the productive system, development, body plan, symmetry, and ecological niche. A look at the contrasting qualities of these phyla provides a clear understanding of their evolutionary advances. From filter-feeding to taking in food through the mouth, the methods of acquiring nutrition among the first seven phyla show a distinct evolutionary advancement. In the most basic phylum, Porifera, the sessile sponges receive nutrients through a system of filter-feeding , in which the organism uses its ostia, or pores, and chaonocytes, or flagellated collar cells that create water currents, to filter in water. The organism is hence able to remove algae and other food particles from the water in order to acquire its food. In contrast to the phylum Porifera, the next phylum, Cnidaria is composed of carnivorous organisms, so thus they fertilize on other animals, unlike Porifera (who wait for their food to come to them). Cnidarians have nematocysts, or stinging cells, which allow them to paralyze and kill their prey. They are then able to use their tentacles to bring their food to their mouths. All of the subsequent phyla also take in food using their mouths, and hunt their prey (if carnivorous) using polar methods. It is in the following phylum, ... ...opods prey on smaller organisms. Like the Mollusca phylum, there are many arthropods that serve as a food start to humans. Porifera, Cnidaria, Platyhelminthes, Aschelminthes, Mollusca, Annelida, and Arthropoda, the first seven phyla, have a distinct connection in their evolutionary traits. A distinct grasp on the connections between the evolutionary advances of the seven phyla is easily acquired upon looking at the differing aspects of these phyla. In traits like methods of acquiring nutrition, the digestive system, the circulatory system, the nervous system, the gas exchange system, and the excretory system, a distinct inception can be drawn from start to finish. In other traits like the reproductive system, development, body plan, symmetry, and ecological niche, one could easily log the improvement as the transition is made across the spectrum of phyla.

The New Woman in Fanu’s Carmilla, Stoker’s Dracula, and Buffy the Vampi

The New char in Fanus Carmilla, Stokers Dracula, and Buffy the vampire Slayer The correlation between the vampire, a figure that is usually regarded as the subject of cordial ostracism, and the New Woman, the advent of which was feared by the majority of the British overnice patriarchy, was a prominent aspect of untold mid-to-late Victorian era literature. Supplementary evidence to support the compelling Victorian era literary connection between the vampire and the New Woman base be extrapolated from the unique gender role standards that defined that socially complex era. As Catherine Siemann suggests in her essay, Darkness waterfall on the Endless Summer Buffy as Gidget for the Fin de Siecle, the Victorian New Womans personal autonomy, economic independence and sexual self-determination take her to be seen as a threat, undermining the social order (Wilcox and Lavery 124). In transforming New Woman-like literary characters into vampires, their punishment or destruction could b e interpreted as a culturally acceptable way to metaphorically control the New Woman, thereby keeping the existing patriarchal domination unblemished and intact. Thus, literature offered the Victorian patriarchy a psychological defense against this perceived cultural threat unsurprisingly, male authors were the ones responsible for a good portion of these texts. While New Woman-like vampires are have in many Victorian works, including Charles Baudelaires The vampire (1857) and Julian Osgood Fields A Kiss of Judas (1894), perhaps none capture, in metaphoric form, the dread about, and the alleged viciousness toward, the New Woman better than Joseph Sheridan Le Fanus novella Carmilla (1872) and Bram Stokers Dracula (1897). T... ...hers, Inc., 2002. 120-129. Stoker, Bram. Dracula. 1897. New York Dover Publications Inc., 2000. Vint, Sheryl. Killing Us Softly? A Feminist explore for the Real Buffy. Slayage The On-Line International Journal of Buffy Studies 5. 10 pp. Web 21 Apr. 2015.h ttp//www.slayage.tv/essays/slayage5/vint.htm. Whats My Line?, Part 2. Buffy the Vampire Slayer. Created by Joss Whedon. Perf. Sarah Michelle Gellar & Alyson Hannigan. WB. New York 24 Nov. 1997. Wilcox, Rhonda V. and David Lavery, ed. bit the Forces Whats At Stake in Buffy the Vampire Slayer. New York Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 2002. Wisker, Gina. Vampires and School Girls High School Jinks on the Hellmouth. Slayage The On-Line International Journal of Buffy Studies 2. 12 pp. Web 21 Apr. 2015.http//www.slayage.tv/essays/slayage2/wisker.htm. The New Woman in Fanus Carmilla, Stokers Dracula, and Buffy the VampiThe New Woman in Fanus Carmilla, Stokers Dracula, and Buffy the Vampire Slayer The correlation between the vampire, a figure that is usually regarded as the subject of social ostracism, and the New Woman, the advent of which was feared by the majority of the British Victorian patriarchy, was a prominent aspect of much mid-to-late Victorian era literatu re. Supplementary evidence to support the compelling Victorian era literary connection between the vampire and the New Woman can be extrapolated from the unique gender role standards that defined that socially complex era. As Catherine Siemann suggests in her essay, Darkness Falls on the Endless Summer Buffy as Gidget for the Fin de Siecle, the Victorian New Womans personal autonomy, economic independence and sexual self-determination led her to be seen as a threat, undermining the social order (Wilcox and Lavery 124). In transforming New Woman-like literary characters into vampires, their punishment or destruction could be interpreted as a culturally acceptable way to metaphorically control the New Woman, thereby keeping the existing patriarchal domination unblemished and intact. Thus, literature offered the Victorian patriarchy a psychological defense against this perceived cultural threat unsurprisingly, male authors were the ones responsible for a good portion of these texts. Wh ile New Woman-like vampires are featured in many Victorian works, including Charles Baudelaires The Vampire (1857) and Julian Osgood Fields A Kiss of Judas (1894), perhaps none capture, in metaphoric form, the anxiety about, and the alleged viciousness toward, the New Woman better than Joseph Sheridan Le Fanus novella Carmilla (1872) and Bram Stokers Dracula (1897). T... ...hers, Inc., 2002. 120-129. Stoker, Bram. Dracula. 1897. New York Dover Publications Inc., 2000. Vint, Sheryl. Killing Us Softly? A Feminist Search for the Real Buffy. Slayage The On-Line International Journal of Buffy Studies 5. 10 pp. Web 21 Apr. 2015.http//www.slayage.tv/essays/slayage5/vint.htm. Whats My Line?, Part 2. Buffy the Vampire Slayer. Created by Joss Whedon. Perf. Sarah Michelle Gellar & Alyson Hannigan. WB. New York 24 Nov. 1997. Wilcox, Rhonda V. and David Lavery, ed. Fighting the Forces Whats At Stake in Buffy the Vampire Slayer. New York Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 2002. Wisker, Gina . Vampires and School Girls High School Jinks on the Hellmouth. Slayage The On-Line International Journal of Buffy Studies 2. 12 pp. Web 21 Apr. 2015.http//www.slayage.tv/essays/slayage2/wisker.htm.

Florida Conquistadors :: essays research papers

The New WorldA estate of the realm where people could prosper. A attain with bulk of opportunity for quick advancework forcet in the Spanish military and diplomatic careers.     Coming to the end of the fifteenth century there were thousands of daring men and women who would be crossing the ocean to conquer just within a few centuries what had receden the Indians thousands to years to inhabit The discovery of Gold in Mexico and Peru caused some(prenominal) Spanish men to join the army Leading a successful colonial mission could get them the funds to build a castle kind of of the young sons of the nobility inheriting a small part of the family estate. There were also those who came for religious reasons. More than just priests and church leaders, the eternal blessing of paragon would be earned by turning the Americas into Catholic lands.     Through 1516 and 1561 Florida had been explored by many Spaniards. Two Including pimp De Leon and Panfilo De NavareazJuan Ponce De LeonKnown as the original discoverer of Florida. He was the grandson of a famous war hero. Trained as a soldier and a public servant. Joining Columbus second transit with his family they went to retire in the friar preacher Republic. Columbus had been made military governor for life, but with his death someone new had to be appointed, Spanish authorities refused to grant it to his son Diego. The big top had Ponce de Leon of course chosen. His first task was to colonize Puerto Rico it was accomplished with a few men and a greyhound that scared the natives.Diego Columbus was unhappy and contumacious to take his claim to the courts in Madrid. He was given his rights. Then becoming military governor, Ponce De Leon was removed from office. He felt his name was damaged and refused to practise Diego. He then was given title to explore the Upper Bahamas and areas to the north.In the Beginning of March in 1513, Ponce de Leon sailed to the Bahamas and headed toward Florida. He was seeking a spiritual spiritual rebirth in the Fountain of Youth. March 27, 1513, Easter Sunday, his crew sighted land. Six days later he reached the Florida coast and kept sailing northerly to land near St. Augustine. He named the place "Pescua Florida", "the place of flowers, in honor of Easter Sunday and all the beautiful flowers that bloomed in spring. On their return voyage he met up with the Indians of Jupiter Inlet and took note of the important features on the East Coast.Florida Conquistadors essays research papers The New WorldA land where people could prosper. A land with plenty of opportunity for quick advancement in the Spanish military and diplomatic careers.     Coming to the end of the fifteenth century there were thousands of daring men and women who would be crossing the ocean to conquer just within a few centuries what had taken the Indians thousands to years to inhabit The discovery of Gold in Mexico and Peru caused many Spanish men to join the army Leading a successful colonial mission could get them the funds to build a castle instead of the younger sons of the nobility inheriting a small part of the family estate. There were also those who came for spiritual reasons. More than just priests and church leaders, the eternal blessing of God would be earned by turning the Americas into Catholic lands.     Through 1516 and 1561 Florida had been explored by many Spaniards. Two Including Ponce De Leon and Panfilo De NavareazJuan Ponce De LeonKnown as the original discoverer of Florida. He was the grandson of a famous war hero. Trained as a soldier and a public servant. Joining Columbus second voyage with his family they went to retire in the Dominican Republic. Columbus had been made military governor for life, but with his death someone new had to be appointed, Spanish authorities refused to grant it to his son Diego. The Crown had Ponce de Leon of course chosen . His first task was to colonize Puerto Rico it was accomplished with a few men and a greyhound that scared the natives.Diego Columbus was unhappy and decided to take his claim to the courts in Madrid. He was given his rights. Then becoming military governor, Ponce De Leon was removed from office. He felt his name was damaged and refused to serve Diego. He then was given title to explore the Upper Bahamas and areas to the north.In the Beginning of March in 1513, Ponce de Leon sailed to the Bahamas and headed toward Florida. He was seeking a spiritual rebirth in the Fountain of Youth. March 27, 1513, Easter Sunday, his crew sighted land. Six days later he reached the Florida coast and kept sailing northward to land near St. Augustine. He named the place "Pescua Florida", "the place of flowers, in honor of Easter Sunday and all the beautiful flowers that bloomed in spring. On their return voyage he met up with the Indians of Jupiter Inlet and took note of the important fea tures on the East Coast.

Free Descriptive Essays - Carnival Rides :: Descriptive Essay, Descriptive Writing

Carnival Rides I have always been fascinated by carnival rides. It amazes me that average, ordinary wad eagerly trade in the serenity of the ground for the chance to be tossed through the air like vegetables in a food processor. It amazes me that at around time in history someone thought that people would enjoy this, and that person invented what must have been the first of these terrifying machines. For me, it is precisely the thrill and rapture of having survived the ride that keeps me coming back for more. My first experience with a carnival ride was a Ferris wheel at a local fair. Looking at that looming monstrosity spinning the life out of its sardine-caged occupants, I was dumbstruck. It was huge, smoky, noisy and not a little intimidating. Ever since that initial impression became fossilized in my visual sense many years ago, these rides have reminded me of mythical beasts, amazing dinosaurs carrying off their screaming passengers like sacrificial virgins. Ev en the droning sound of their engines brings to mind the great exclaim of a fire-breathing dragon with smoke spewing from its exhaust-pipe nostrils. The first ride on one of these fantastic beasts gave me an instant rush of adrenaline. As the death-defying ride started, a lump in my throat pulsed like a dislodged heart ready to walk the plank. As the ride gained speed, the resistance to gravity built up against my body until I was inefficient to move. An almost imperceptible pause as the wheel reached the top of its climb allowed my body to relax in a brief state of normalcy. Then in that location was an assault of stomach-turning weightlessness as the machine continued its rotation and I descended back toward the earth. A cymbal-like crash vibrated through the air as the wheel reached bottom, and very much to my surprise I began to rise again. Each new rotation gave me more confidence in the churning machine. Every ascent left me elated that I had survived the prev ious death-defying fall. When another nerve-wracking climb failed to follow the last exhilarating descent and the ride was over, I knew I was hooked.

The Formal Analysis of Liberty Leading the People by Eugene Delacroix E

The Formal Analysis of Liberty Leading the People by Eugene DelacroixFerdinand succeeder Eugene Delacroix was born on April 26, 1798. Delacroix was the son of Charles Delacroix and Victoire Oeben. His father served for a short period of time as a minister of foreign affairs. At the time of Delacroixs birth his father was on a mission to Holland as ambassador of the French Republic. Delacroixs start was a descended of artisans and craftsmen. His parents both died early. His father died in 1805 and his mother in 1814. After his mothers death he was left in the care of his older sister, Henriette de Verninac.When Delacroix was at the age of seventeen, in 1815, he began to take painting lessons from capital of South Dakota Guerin. While there he met Theodore Gericault, a romantic painter, and became heavily influenced by him and his work.Delacroixs first painting, The Barque of Dante, was accepted by the Paris Salon in 1822 that marked the beginning of his artistic career. He was a French painter whose work influence extended to the impressionists and exemplified 19th century romanticism. He remained the dominant French romantic painter throughout his life. Delacroixs use of colors influenced both neo-impressionist and impressionist painters. Delacroix created more than 850 paintings, drawings, murals and other works in his career.Delacroixs most powerful work and most romantic is Liberty Leading the People. It was also called le 28 Juillet and La Liberte conduissant le people aux barricades. The French Revolution, 1830, inspired the last of his paintings to be called Romantic. Delacroixs technique was using applied contrasting colors, creating a vibrant effect with small brush strokes. The impressionists were greatly influenced by this. This painting showed the division among the romantic style and the neoclassical style. Romantic style emphasized spirit and color detachment and line. This painting is responses to the July 1830 revolution against C harles X who is the King of France.According to the hold up Painting in the Lourve romanticisms is a movement that arose in the early nineteenth century in art, literature, and music. Romantic painting was characterized by emotionalism and fascination with the exotic. It reached its breaker point about 1830 in France, England and Germany. Some principles of Romanticism are that the emphasis is on fe... ...iolent animal and human combat. They filled up his mind. Over time his style had get going purified and refined. His brush strokes were bolder, more confident and vigorous. His colors were cleaner and brighter now. His compositions are more direct and simpler.Delacroix died in Paris on August 13, 1863. Since his death his apartment has been changed into a museum. The museum gives future generations insight into his work and his life.Reference to Internet Sites http//sunsite.dk/cgfa/delacroi/delacroix_bio.htm http//encarta.msn.com http//www.nga.gov/cgi-bin/pbio?7900http// painting.about.com/library/bidelacroix.htm?once=true& http//www.discoverfrance.net/France/Art/Delacroix/Delacroix.shtml Reference to BooksHenry M. Sayre, A World Of Art (New island of JerseyPrentice-Hall,Inc 2000), p477 Tom Priddeaux, The World of Delacroix (New YorkTime Inc 1966), p101-104,174-177 Walter Friedlaender, David to Delacroix (Massachusetts Harvard University (Press), p113-114Barthelemy Jobert, Delacroix (New JerseyPrinceton University Press),p128-133Lawrence Gowing, Paintings in the Louvre (New YorkStewart, Tabori & Chang, Inc. 1987), p672

Theseus vs. Oberon in A Midsummer Nights Dream :: A Midsummer Nights Dream

During the course of Shakespeare?s A Midsummer Night?s Dream, the rise of two leaders emerge. Theseus, the leader of Athens and of ?reality?, and Oberon, the leader of the fairies and of ?dreams?. Shakespeare makes it evident that these leaders are two of a completely different nature. As the play progresses it?s clear that Oberon is the better leader of the two. When dealt with the pressures of being a leader of people, the most essential aspect of this duty is communication. In the play, usually through with(p) by speeches, each leader targets a different are of human physiology. In the line, ?I know a bank where the wild thyme blows, Where oxlips and the nodding royal grows Quite overcanopied with luscious woodbine, With sweet musk roses, and with eglantine. There sleeps Titania sometime of the night, Lulled in these flowers with dances and delight. And there the snake throws her enameled skin, Weed wide enough to wrap a puff in. And with the juice of this Ill streak her eyes , And make her full of hateful fantasies,? (ActII, Sc2. 259-267)Oberon stresses the use of emotion to understand what he is saying. On the other hand, Theseus accentuates the use of logic, best portrayed in this line, ?I never may believe these antique fables, nor these fairy toys...?(ActV, Sc1. 4-5)Another necessary trait of a good leader is courage, in which Theseus has little of. Theseus possesses an ?if-then? complex. Oberon on the other hand reacts without consideration of consequence. This may seem like a weakness to most people, but in the heat of the moment there is no time for decision making but a good leader must act acutely.